{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T07:02:47Z","timestamp":1760425367013,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lack of information on ground truth gas dispersion and experiment verification information has impeded the development of mobile olfaction systems, especially for real-world conditions. In this paper, an integrated testbed for mobile gas sensing experiments is presented. The integrated 3 m \u00d7 6 m testbed was built to provide real-time ground truth information for mobile olfaction system development. The testbed consists of a 72-gas-sensor array, namely Large Gas Sensor Array (LGSA), a localization system based on cameras and a wireless communication backbone for robot communication and integration into the testbed system. Furthermore, the data collected from the testbed may be streamed into a simulation environment to expedite development. Calibration results using ethanol have shown that using a large number of gas sensor in the LGSA is feasible and can produce coherent signals when exposed to the same concentrations. The results have shown that the testbed was able to capture the time varying characteristics and the variability of gas plume in a 2 h experiment thus providing time dependent ground truth concentration maps. The authors have demonstrated the ability of the mobile olfaction testbed to monitor, verify and thus, provide insight to gas distribution mapping experiment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s151229834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T15:21:41Z","timestamp":1449674501000},"page":"30894-30912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of a Scalable Testbed for Mobile Olfaction Verification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3557-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed","family":"Syed Zakaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pusat Pengajian Jejawi II, Taman Muhibbah, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Retnam","family":"Visvanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pusat Pengajian Jejawi II, Taman Muhibbah, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamarulzaman","family":"Kamarudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pusat Pengajian Jejawi II, Taman Muhibbah, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ali Yeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pusat Pengajian Jejawi II, Taman Muhibbah, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Md. Shakaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pusat Pengajian Jejawi II, Taman Muhibbah, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7108-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pusat Pengajian Jejawi II, Taman Muhibbah, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2547-3934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Latifah","family":"Kamarudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pusat Pengajian Jejawi II, Taman Muhibbah, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Computer Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Almeida, A., and Khatib, O. 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