{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:06:42Z","timestamp":1776406002430,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]],"date-time":"2015-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The conventional Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) method takes five days to analyze samples. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) may be an alternate tool for rapid BOD determination in water. However, a MFC biosensor for continuous BOD measurements of water samples is still unavailable. In this study, a MFC biosensor inoculated with known mixed cultures was used to determine the BOD concentration. Effects of important parameters on establishing a calibration curve between the BOD concentration and output signal from the MFC were evaluated. The results indicate monosaccharides were good fuel, and methionine, phenylalanine, and ethanol were poor fuels for electricity generation by the MFC. Ions in the influent did not significantly affect the MFC performance. CN\u2212 in the influent could alleviate the effect of antagonistic electron acceptors on the MFC performance. The regression equation for BOD concentration and current density of the biosensor was y = 0.0145x + 0.3317. It was adopted to measure accurately and continuously the BOD concentration in actual water samples at an acceptable error margin. These results clearly show the developed MFC biosensor has great potential as an alternative BOD sensing device for online measurements of wastewater BOD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16010035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]],"date-time":"2015-12-28T10:01:20Z","timestamp":1451296880000},"page":"35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Effects of Operating Parameters on Measurements of Biochemical Oxygen Demand Using a Mediatorless Microbial Fuel Cell Biosensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Min-Chi","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 11581, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 11581, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Man-Hai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 11581, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0425-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Chien","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 11581, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022891231369","article-title":"Novel BOD (biological oxygen demand) sensor using mediator-less microbial fuel cell","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.10.066","article-title":"Methods for assessing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): A review","volume":"49","author":"Jouanneau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.08.042","article-title":"A novel bioelectrochemical BOD sensor operating with voltage input","volume":"46","author":"Modin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(03)00272-0","article-title":"Continuous determination of biochemical oxygen demand using a microbial fuel cell type biosensor","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3390\/bios5030450","article-title":"Water quality monitoring in developing countries; can microbial fuel cells be the answer?","volume":"5","author":"Chouler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-004-3743-5","article-title":"Improving the dynamic response of a mediator-less microbial fuel cell as a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor","volume":"26","author":"Moon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2014.898700","article-title":"Measurement of biochemical oxygen demand from different wastewater samples using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell biosensor","volume":"35","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1039\/b304583h","article-title":"Practical field application of a novel BOD monitoring system","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.04.034","article-title":"Analytical applications of microbial fuel cells. Part I: Biochemical oxygen demand","volume":"63","author":"Abrevaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23126","DOI":"10.3390\/s150923126","article-title":"Temperature and humidity sensor powered by an individual microbial fuel cell in a power management system","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1021\/es062611i","article-title":"Electron and carbon balances in microbial fuel cells reveal temporary bacterial storage behavior during electricity generation","volume":"41","author":"Freguia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.10.036","article-title":"Evaluation of energy-conversion efficiencies in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) utilizing fermentable and non-fermentable substrates","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.200900111","article-title":"Selectivity versus mobility: separation of anode and cathode in microbial bioelectrochemical systems","volume":"2","author":"Harnisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-003-1412-6","article-title":"Enrichment of microbial community generating electricity using a fuel cell type electrochemical cell","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.151.1.162-171.1982","article-title":"Properties of dissimilatory nitrate reductase purified from the denitrifier Psedomonas aeruginosa","volume":"151","author":"Calson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(02)00110-0","article-title":"Operational parameters affecting the performannce of a mediator-less microbial fuel cell","volume":"18","author":"Gil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.12.036","article-title":"Enhanced Coulombic efficiency in glucose-fed microbial fuel cells by reducing metabolite electron losses using dual-anode electrodes","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2006.12.014","article-title":"Microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for fast analysis of biodegradable organic matter","volume":"22","author":"Kumlanghan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2014.01.059","article-title":"Enhanced response of microbial fuel cell using sulfonated poly ether ether ketone membrane as a biochemical oxygen demand sensor","volume":"25","author":"Ayyaru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.07.007","article-title":"Micro-sized microbial fuel cell: A mini-review","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.10.081","article-title":"Simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of As(III) by Bacillus firmus TE7 isolated from tannery effluent","volume":"90","author":"Bachate","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.10.019","article-title":"A new BOD estimation method employing a double-mediator system by ferricyanide and menadione using the eukaryote Saccharomyces Cerevisiae","volume":"72","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Talanta."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1089\/ees.1998.15.259","article-title":"Recovery of acid from pickling liquors","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.52.2.190-232.1988","article-title":"Nitrate respiration in relation to facultative metabolism in Enterobacteria","volume":"52","author":"Stewart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microbial. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19452.x","article-title":"The identification of cytochromes involved in the transfer of electrons to the periplasmic NO3\u2212 reductase of Rhodobacter capsulatus and resolution of a soluble (NO3\u2212)-reductase-cytochromec552 redox complex","volume":"194","author":"Richardson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2008.01.012","article-title":"Microbial BOD sensor for monitoring treatment of wastewater from a rubber latex industry","volume":"42","author":"Kumlanghan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Tech."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.23204","article-title":"Submersible microbial fuel cell sensor for monitoring microbial activity and BOD in groundwater: focusing on impact of anodic biofilm on sensor applicability","volume":"108","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/1\/35\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:54:55Z","timestamp":1760216095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/1\/35"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s16010035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16010035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]]}}}