{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T18:46:52Z","timestamp":1779389212921,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61275162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61275162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61127009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61127009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006770","name":"American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["53486-UNI6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["53486-UNI6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Global calibration methods for multi-camera system are critical to the accuracy of vision measurement. Proposed in this paper is such a method based on several groups of sphere targets and a precision auxiliary camera. Each camera to be calibrated observes a group of spheres (at least three), while the auxiliary camera observes all the spheres. The global calibration can be achieved after each camera reconstructs the sphere centers in its field of view. In the process of reconstructing a sphere center, a parameter equation is used to describe the sphere projection model. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation are carried out to analyze the factors that affect the calibration accuracy. Simulation results show that the parameter equation can largely improve the reconstruction accuracy. In the experiments, a two-camera system calibrated by our method is used to measure a distance about 578 mm, and the root mean squared error is within 0.14 mm. Furthermore, the experiments indicate that the method has simple operation and good flexibility, especially for the onsite multiple cameras without common field of view.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16010077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T23:38:27Z","timestamp":1452296307000},"page":"77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Global Calibration of Multiple Cameras Based on Sphere Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Junhua","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology and Center for Microplasma Science and Technology, Saint Peter\u2019s University, Jersey City, NJ 07036, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3788\/OPE.20122002.0369","article-title":"Global calibration for multi-camera videogrammetric system with large-scale field-of-view","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. 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