{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:57:11Z","timestamp":1761663431417,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor networks deployed in coal mines could help companies provide workers working in coal mines with more qualified working conditions. With the underground information collected by sensor nodes at hand, the underground working conditions could be evaluated more precisely. However, sensor nodes may tend to malfunction due to their limited energy supply. In this paper, we study the cross-layer optimization problem for wireless rechargeable sensor networks implemented in coal mines, of which the energy could be replenished through the newly-brewed wireless energy transfer technique. The main results of this article are two-fold: firstly, we obtain the optimal relay nodes\u2019 placement according to the minimum overall energy consumption criterion through the Lagrange dual problem and KKT conditions; secondly, the optimal strategies for recharging locomotives and wireless sensor networks are acquired by solving a cross-layer optimization problem. The cyclic nature of these strategies is also manifested through simulations in this paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16020171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T10:31:20Z","timestamp":1453977080000},"page":"171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Study of Cross-layer Optimization for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks Implemented in Coal Mines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}]},{"given":"Jianghong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}]},{"given":"Jingting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4051146","article-title":"Architecture and methods for innovative heterogeneous wireless sensor network applications","volume":"4","author":"Antonio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143254","article-title":"Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances","volume":"317","author":"Kurs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2014.2312020","article-title":"A Methodology for Making a Three-Coil Wireless Power Transfer System More Energy Efficient Than a Two-Coil Counterpart for Extended Transfer Distance","volume":"30","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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