{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:25:38Z","timestamp":1778135138483,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents the development and evaluation of a next generation air monitoring system with both laboratory and field tests. A multi-parameter algorithm was used to correct for the impact of environmental conditions on the electrochemical sensors for carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollutants. The field evaluation in an urban roadside environment in comparison to designated monitors showed good agreement with measurement error within 5% of the pollutant concentrations. Multiple sets of the developed system were then deployed in the Hong Kong Marathon 2015 forming a sensor-based network along the marathon route. Real-time air pollution concentration data were wirelessly transmitted and the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) for the Green Marathon was calculated, which were broadcast to the public on an hourly basis. The route-specific sensor network showed somewhat different pollutant patterns than routine air monitoring, indicating the immediate impact of traffic control during the marathon on the roadside air quality. The study is one of the first applications of a next generation sensor network in international sport events, and it demonstrated the usefulness of the emerging sensor-based air monitoring technology in rapid network deployment to supplement existing air monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16020211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T10:06:16Z","timestamp":1454666776000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Development and Application of a Next Generation Air Sensor Network for the Hong Kong Marathon 2015 Air Quality Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7094-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ka","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1011-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fenhuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dane","family":"Westerdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Guy Carpenter Climate Change Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Protection Department, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, 33\/F Revenue Tower, 5 Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Protection Department, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, 33\/F Revenue Tower, 5 Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Guy Carpenter Climate Change Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200611-1627OC","article-title":"The effect of urban air pollution on inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and autonomic dysfunction in young adults","volume":"176","author":"Chuang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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