{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:02:09Z","timestamp":1777518129123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,6]],"date-time":"2016-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EC FP-7 IRSES","award":["Grant #318520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant #318520"]}]},{"name":"Link\u00f6ping Linnaeus Initiative for Novel Functional Materials","award":["LiLi-NFM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LiLi-NFM"]}]},{"name":"European Union Seventh Framework Programme","award":["n\u00b0604391 Graphene Flagship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00b0604391 Graphene Flagship"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council (VR) Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie International Career Grant","award":["#2015-00679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2015-00679"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The discovery of graphene and its unique properties has inspired researchers to try to invent other two-dimensional (2D) materials. After considerable research effort, a distinct \u201cbeyond graphene\u201d domain has been established, comprising the library of non-graphene 2D materials. It is significant that some 2D non-graphene materials possess solid advantages over their predecessor, such as having a direct band gap, and therefore are highly promising for a number of applications. These applications are not limited to nano- and opto-electronics, but have a strong potential in biosensing technologies, as one example. However, since most of the 2D non-graphene materials have been newly discovered, most of the research efforts are concentrated on material synthesis and the investigation of the properties of the material. Applications of 2D non-graphene materials are still at the embryonic stage, and the integration of 2D non-graphene materials into devices is scarcely reported. However, in recent years, numerous reports have blossomed about 2D material-based biosensors, evidencing the growing potential of 2D non-graphene materials for biosensing applications. This review highlights the recent progress in research on the potential of using 2D  non-graphene materials and similar oxide nanostructures for different types of biosensors (optical and electrochemical). A wide range of biological targets, such as glucose, dopamine, cortisol, DNA, IgG, bisphenol, ascorbic acid, cytochrome and estradiol, has been reported to be successfully detected by biosensors with transducers made of 2D non-graphene materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16020223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]],"date-time":"2016-02-09T13:45:23Z","timestamp":1455025523000},"page":"223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Application of 2D Non-Graphene Materials and 2D Oxide Nanostructures for Biosensing Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6798-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kateryna","family":"Shavanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03041, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulia","family":"Bakakina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Burkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03041, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8685-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Shtepliuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping 58183, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Viter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Latvia, 19, Raina blvd., Riga 1586, Latvia"}]},{"given":"Arnolds","family":"Ubelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Latvia, 19, Raina blvd., Riga 1586, Latvia"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Beni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping 58183, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Nickolaj","family":"Starodub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03041, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Rositsa","family":"Yakimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping 58183, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4646-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Khranovskyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping 58183, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896","article-title":"Electricfield Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon films","volume":"306","author":"Novoselov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1021\/nl802558y","article-title":"Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors","volume":"8","author":"Stoller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2007.02.034","article-title":"Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide","volume":"45","author":"Stankovich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1021\/nl200225j","article-title":"Ultrathin Planar Graphene Supercapacitors","volume":"11","author":"Yoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2008.10.031","article-title":"Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene with a Pre-Determined Number of Layers","volume":"47","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157996","article-title":"Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene","volume":"321","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156965","article-title":"Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene","volume":"320","author":"Nair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151911","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2907977","article-title":"Extremely High Thermal Conductivity of Graphene: Prospects for Thermal Management Applications in Nanoelectronic Circuits","volume":"92","author":"Ghosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. 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