{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:18:24Z","timestamp":1760242704578,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]],"date-time":"2016-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the speedy evolution of Information and Computer Technology (ICT), and the growing recognition of the importance of the concept of universal design in all domains of daily living, mainstream ICT-based product designers and developers still work without any truly structured tools, guidance or support to effectively adapt their products and services to users\u2019 real needs. This paper presents the approach used to define and evaluate parametric cognitive models that describe interaction and usage of ICT by people with aging- and disability-derived functional impairments. A multisensorial training platform was used to train, based on real user measurements in real conditions, the virtual parameterized user models that act as subjects of the test-bed during all stages of simulated disabilities-friendly ICT-based products design. An analytical study was carried out to identify the relevant cognitive functions involved, together with their corresponding parameters as related to aging- and disability-derived functional impairments. Evaluation of the final cognitive virtual user models in a real application has confirmed that the use of these models produce concrete valuable benefits to the design and testing process of accessible ICT-based applications and services. Parameterization of cognitive virtual user models allows incorporating cognitive and perceptual aspects during the design process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16020266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]],"date-time":"2016-02-22T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1456136657000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Parametric Cognitive Modeling of Information and Computer Technology Usage by People with Aging- and Disability-Derived Functional Impairments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0938-3565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Garc\u00eda-Betances","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Supporting Technologies (LifeSTech), Superior Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense n\u00b0 30, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Cabrera-Umpi\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Supporting Technologies (LifeSTech), Superior Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense n\u00b0 30, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ottaviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Supporting Technologies (LifeSTech), Superior Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense n\u00b0 30, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1611-7919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Supporting Technologies (LifeSTech), Superior Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense n\u00b0 30, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Arredondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Supporting Technologies (LifeSTech), Superior Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense n\u00b0 30, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.03.029","article-title":"Computer use by older adults: A multi-disciplinary review","volume":"26","author":"Wagner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"European Commission Eurostat Regional Yearbook. Available online: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Online_publications."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"European Commission (2011). Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations: A Statistical Portrait of the European Union, European Union."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation (2003). The Wide Range of Abilities and Its Impact on Computer Technology, Forrester Research, Inc."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Dayd\u00e9, A. Facts and Figures about Disability. Available online: http:\/\/www.edf-feph.org\/Page_Generale.asp?DocID=12534."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2011.03.002","article-title":"Older adults: Are they ready to adopt health-related ICT?","volume":"82","author":"Heart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"623","article-title":"User Control in Adaptive User Interfaces for Accessibility","volume":"8117","author":"Peissner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14097-6_27","article-title":"Towards Accessible Interaction with Pervasive Interfaces, Based on Human Capabilities","volume":"6179","author":"Atkinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Help. People Spec. Needs"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly \u201cConvention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities\u201d. Available online: http:\/\/www.un.org\/disabilities\/convention\/conventionfull.shtml."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-010-0210-z","article-title":"User modelling and cognitive user support: Towards structured development","volume":"10","author":"Eberle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Univers. Access Inf. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2011.03.006","article-title":"User profiles and personas in the design and development of consumer health technologies","volume":"82","author":"LeRouge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.02.044","article-title":"Elderly centered design for Interaction\u2014The case of the S4S Medication Assistant","volume":"27","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPCC-07-2014-0040","article-title":"User modeling for people with special needs","volume":"10","author":"Kurschl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pervasive Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alm, N., and Nakamura, K. (2001). Designing for ordinary and extraordinary users. ACM SIGCAPH Comput. Phys. Handicap.","DOI":"10.1145\/569320.569321"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Helander, M.G., Landauer, T.K., and Prabhu, P.V. (1997). Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, Elsevier Science."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregor, P., Newell, A.F., and Zajicek, M. (2002, January 8\u201310). Designing for dynamic diversity: Interfaces for older people. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies, Edinburgh, UK.","DOI":"10.1145\/638249.638277"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011145532042","article-title":"User modeling in human-computer interaction","volume":"11","author":"Fischer","year":"2001","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adapt. Interact."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) Cognitive Architecture. Available online: http:\/\/act-r.psy.cmu.edu\/."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Budde, S.H., and Barkowsky, T. (2008, January 13\u201317). A framework for individual cognitive performance assessment in real-time for elderly users. Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on AI in Eldercare: New Solutions to Old Problems, Chicago, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-007-9032-y","article-title":"Modeling the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease for cognitive assistance in smart homes","volume":"17","author":"Serna","year":"2007","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adapt. Interact."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Cooper, A. (2004). Inmates are Running the Asylum: Why High-tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity, Sams."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPCC-09-2013-0028","article-title":"Modelling users, context and devices for adaptive user interface systems","volume":"10","author":"Castillejo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pervasive Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70540-6_15","article-title":"User modelling in ambient intelligence for elderly and disabled people","volume":"5105","author":"Casas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Help. People Spec. Needs"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aoyama, M. (2007, January 15\u201319). Persona-Scenario-Goal Methodology for User-Centered Requirements Engineering. Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2007.50"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"World Health Organization International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps: A Manual of Classification to the Consequences of Disease. Available online: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/41003."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (IFC). Available online: http:\/\/www.disabilitaincifre.it\/documenti\/ICF_18.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.3390\/s140305354","article-title":"Modeling users, context and devices for ambient assisted living environments","volume":"14","author":"Castillejo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm4020245","article-title":"Human centered design considerations for connected health devices for the older adult","volume":"4","author":"Harte","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubey, A.K., Gualabani, K., Mewara, H.S., and Trivedi, P. (2014, January 12\u201313). Challenges in Design & Deployment of Assistive Technology. Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Technology, Ajmer, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPCT.2014.6884992"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"VERITAS EU Project-247765. Available online: http:\/\/veritas-project.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Rugnonel, A., Foresti, F., Tamburini, E., Forconi, T., Arca, A., Fico, G., Diaz, C., Navarro, A.M., Chalkia, E., and Tsakiris, T. Simulation Models for the P. Healthcare Scenario, VERITAS EU Project. Available online: http:\/\/veritas-project.eu\/deliverables\/VERITAS_D2.6.1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2010.01.002","article-title":"Observing and modeling cognitive events through event-related potentials and ACT-R","volume":"12","author":"Cassenti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cogn. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2008.07.002","article-title":"Theoretical status of computational cognitive modeling","volume":"10","author":"Ron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cogn. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Jie, C., and Hong, W. (2010, January 7\u20139). Vision navigation for driver cognitive model in ACT-R architecture. Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (ICCI), Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, J.R. (2007). How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe?, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195324259.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Kolodyazhniy, V., Delahaye, M., Valkova, M.G., Van Isacker, K., Lazarov, A., Fernandez-Rodriguez, M.M., Aguilar, T., Zaragoza, R., Navarro, A., Naranjo, J.C., and Gal\u00e1n, H. Abstract Cognitive User Models Definition, VERITAS EU Project. Available online: http:\/\/veritas-project.eu\/deliverables\/."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Web Ontology Language (OWL) Ontologies. Available online: https:\/\/www.w3.org\/standards\/techs\/owl#w3c_all."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"VERITAS Virtual User Model Repository. Available online: http:\/\/veritas-project.eu\/VirtualUserModels.html."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez-Mixco, V., Cabrera-Umpierrez, M.F., Arredondo, M.T., Panou, A.M., Struck, M., and Bonfiglio, S. (2013, January 3\u20137). Feasibility of a wireless health monitoring system for prevention and health assessment of elderly people. Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Osaka, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6611245"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o, P., Azevedo, L., Gelderblom, G.J., Newell, A., and Mathiassen, N.-E. (2013). Assistive Technology: From Research to Practice, IOS Press. [33rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"VERITAS Tools & Resource Finder. Available online: http:\/\/www.veritas-project.eu\/toolfinder\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Salvucci, D.D., Chavez, A.K., and Lee, F.J. (2004, January 4\u20137). Modeling effects of age in complex tasks: A case study in driving. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Hillsdale, NJ, USA."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2009.01063.x","article-title":"The Past, Present, and Future of Cognitive Architectures","volume":"2","author":"Taatgen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.15.1.110","article-title":"Listening to discourse in distracting settings: The effects of aging","volume":"15","author":"Schneider","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220310001622997","article-title":"Decline of tactile acuity in aging: A study of body site, blood flow, and lifetime habits of smoking and physical activity","volume":"20","author":"Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Somatosens. Motor Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050039","article-title":"Presbyacusis-hearing thresholds and the ISO 7029","volume":"43","author":"Stenklev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Alcantud, F., Ferrer, A., and Romero, R. (2000). Assistive Technologies Integration-Network (Rapport Final ATIN Projet Horizon), Applied Psychology Center."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"USer Interface eXtended Markup Language (UsiXML). Available online: http:\/\/www.usixml.org\/en\/home.html?IDC=221."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Serra, A., Naranjo, J.C., Navarro, A.M., and Chalkia, E. UIML\/USIXML Task Modelling Definition. Available online: http:\/\/veritas-project.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/VERITAS_D1.6.2_final_last.pdf."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/2\/266\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:19:29Z","timestamp":1760210369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/2\/266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s16020266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16020266","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]}}}