{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:14:48Z","timestamp":1775013288149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61501068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61501068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61301120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61301120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51377179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51377179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation and Advanced Research Projects of Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","award":["cstc2015jcyjA40001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2015jcyjA40001"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["106112015CDJXY500001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106112015CDJXY500001"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of CQU","award":["CDJPY12160001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDJPY12160001"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC","award":["CSTC2011GGYS0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTC2011GGYS0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with parallel linear arrays is addressed. Two array manifold matching (AMM) approaches, in this work, are developed for the incoherent and coherent signals, respectively. The proposed AMM methods estimate the azimuth angle only with the assumption that the elevation angles are known or estimated. The proposed methods are time efficient since they do not require eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) or peak searching. In addition, the complexity analysis shows the proposed AMM approaches have lower computational complexity than many current state-of-the-art algorithms. The estimated azimuth angles produced by the AMM approaches are automatically paired with the elevation angles. More importantly, for estimating the azimuth angles of coherent signals, the aperture loss issue is avoided since a decorrelation procedure is not required for the proposed AMM method. Numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T10:57:06Z","timestamp":1456225026000},"page":"274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fast 2D DOA Estimation Algorithm by an Array Manifold Matching Method with Parallel Linear Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lisheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Aircraft Tracking Telemetering Command and Communication, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Aircraft Tracking Telemetering Command and Communication, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Aircraft Tracking Telemetering Command and Communication, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Qingping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Aircraft Tracking Telemetering Command and Communication, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Aircraft Tracking Telemetering Command and Communication, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2003.821215","article-title":"Direction-of-arrival tracking scheme for DS\/CDMA systems: Direction lock loop","volume":"3","author":"Min","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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