{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:49:26Z","timestamp":1777369766047,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Project for Basic Research of China","award":["2013CB329403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB329403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scene-level geographic image classification has been a very challenging problem and has become a research focus in recent years. This paper develops a supervised collaborative kernel coding method based on a covariance descriptor (covd) for scene-level geographic image classification. First, covd is introduced in the feature extraction process and, then, is transformed to a Euclidean feature by a supervised collaborative kernel coding model. Furthermore, we develop an iterative optimization framework to solve this model. Comprehensive evaluations on public high-resolution aerial image dataset and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods show the superiority and effectiveness of our approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T13:31:03Z","timestamp":1458307863000},"page":"392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Scene-Level Geographic Image Classification Based on a Covariance Descriptor Using Supervised Collaborative Kernel Coding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chunwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Tech Institute of Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710025, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Tech Institute of Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shouyi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Tech Institute of Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., and Newsam, S. 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