{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:18:37Z","timestamp":1760242717207,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61227013","61422505","61307104","61405044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61227013","61422505","61307104","61405044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New Century Excellent Talents in University","award":["NCET-12-0623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCET-12-0623"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012149","name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013YQ040815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013YQ040815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013286","name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20122304110022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20122304110022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high-order interference (HOI)\u2014The interferogram introduced by polarization mode couplings (PMC) of multiple perturbations\u2014Will cause misjudgment of the realistic coupling points in polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) which is tested with a white light interferometer (WLI) with large dynamic range. We present an optical path tracking (OPT) method for simplifying the analysis of HOI, and demonstrate the enhancement and suppression conditions for the HOIs. A strategy is proposed to readily identify HOI by altering the spliced angle between polarizers\u2019 pigtails and the PMF under test. Moreover, a PMF experiment with two perturbation points, for simplicity, is given as an example. As a result, all the characteristic interferograms including HOIs can be distinguished through just four measurements. Utilizing this identification method, we can estimate the realistic coupling points in PMFs and distinguish them from the interference signals including numerous HOIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T11:50:37Z","timestamp":1458647437000},"page":"419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High-Order Interference Effect Introduced by Polarization Mode Coupling in Polarization\u2014Maintaining Fiber and Its Identification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chuang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangjun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonggui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.1986.1074847","article-title":"Polarization-maintaining fibers and their applications","volume":"4","author":"Noda","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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