{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:04:52Z","timestamp":1780077892401,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, an electronic tongue\/taste sensor array containing different interdigitated capacitor (IDC) sensing elements to detect different types of tastes, such as sweetness (glucose), saltiness (NaCl), sourness (HCl), bitterness (quinine-HCl), and umami (monosodium glutamate) is proposed. We present for the first time an IDC electronic tongue using sensing membranes containing solvatochromic dyes. The proposed highly sensitive (30.64 mV\/decade sensitivity) IDC electronic tongue has fast response and recovery times of about 6 s and 5 s, respectively, with extremely stable responses, and is capable of linear sensing performance (R2 \u2248 0.985 correlation coefficient) over the wide dynamic range of 1 \u00b5M to 1 M. The designed IDC electronic tongue offers excellent reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of about 0.029. The proposed device was found to have better sensing performance than potentiometric-, cascoded compatible lateral bipolar transistor (C-CLBT)-, Electronic Tongue (SA402)-, and fiber-optic-based taste sensing systems in what concerns dynamic range width, response time, sensitivity, and linearity. Finally, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to distinguish between various kinds of taste in mixed taste compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16050668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T10:00:31Z","timestamp":1462874431000},"page":"668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A High Sensitivity IDC-Electronic Tongue Using Dielectric\/Sensing Membranes with Solvatochromic Dyes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9082-805X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Khalilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Won","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.3390\/s110504688","article-title":"Potentiometric electronic tongues for foodstuff and biosample recognition\u2014An overview","volume":"11","author":"Ciosek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2005.01.049","article-title":"Application of a potentiometric electronic tongue as a classification tool in food analysis","volume":"66","author":"Gallardo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200503378","article-title":"Automated SIA e-tongue employing a voltammetric biosensor array for the simultaneous determination of glucose and ascorbic acid","volume":"18","author":"Ibanez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"193","article-title":"Evaluation of milk and dairy products","volume":"59","author":"Major","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mljekarstvo"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2009.2032883","article-title":"Classification of black tea taste and correlation with tea taster\u2019s mark using voltammetric electronic tongue","volume":"59","author":"Palit","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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