{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:45:51Z","timestamp":1761648351114,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To accommodate the rapidly increasing demand for wireless broadband communications in Smart Grid (SG) networks, research efforts are currently ongoing to enable the SG networks to utilize the TV spectrum according to the Cognitive Radio paradigm. To this aim, in this letter, we develop an analytical framework for the optimal deployment of multiple closely-located SG Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs) concurrently using the same TV spectrum. The objective is to derive the optimal values for both the number of NANs and their coverage. More specifically, regarding the number of NANs, we derive the optimal closed-form expression, i.e., the closed-form expression that assures the deployment of the maximum number of NANs in the considered region satisfying a given collision constraint on the transmissions of the NANs. Regarding the NAN coverage, we derive the optimal closed-form expression, i.e., the closed-form expression of the NAN transmission range that assures the maximum coverage of each NAN in the considered region satisfying the given collision constraint. All the theoretical results are derived by adopting a stochastic approach. Finally, numerical results validate the theoretical analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16050671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T10:00:31Z","timestamp":1462874431000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["On the Probabilistic Deployment of Smart Grid Networks in TV White Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0477-2927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Cacciapuoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy"},{"name":"Multimedia Communications Laboratory, CNIT, Naples 80126, Italy"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Caleffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy"},{"name":"Multimedia Communications Laboratory, CNIT, Naples 80126, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Paura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy"},{"name":"Multimedia Communications Laboratory, CNIT, Naples 80126, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2481722","article-title":"Cognitive Radio for Smart Grids: Survey of Architectures, Spectrum Sensing Mechanisms, and Networking Protocols","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, F., and Xu, J. (2016). Leasing-Based Performance Analysis in Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Networks. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030305"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zubair, S., Syed Yusoff, S.K., and Fisal, N. (2016). Mobility-Enhanced Reliable Geographical Forwarding in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16020172"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacciapuoti, A.S., Caleffi, M., and Paura, L. (2010, January 6\u201310). Widely Linear Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010), Miami, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2010.5683198"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2011.6033030","article-title":"Cognitive Radio based Hierarchical Communications Infrastructure for Smart Grid","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ul Hassan, N., Yuen, C., and Atique, M.B. (2016, January 23\u201327). Tradeoff in Delay, Cost, and Quality in Data Transmission over TV White Spaces. Proceedings of the IEEE ICC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2016.7511004"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"FCC (2012). ET Docket 10-174: Second Memorandum Opinion and Order in the Matter of Unlicensed Operation in the TV Broadcast Bands."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caleffi, M., and Cacciapuoti, A.S. (July, January 30). Database access strategy for TV White Space cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of the 2014 Eleventh Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking Workshops (SECON Workshops), Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/SECONW.2014.6979702"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacciapuoti, A.S., Caleffi, M., and Paura, L. (2016). Optimal Strategy Design for Enabling the Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks in TV White Space. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2015.7247231"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2014.2386349","article-title":"Interference analysis for secondary coexistence in TV white space","volume":"19","author":"Cacciapuoti","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tushar, W., Yuen, C., Chai, B., Huang, S., Wood, K.L., Kerk, S.G., and Yang, Z. (IEEE Wirel. Commun. Mag., 2016). Smart Grid Testbed for Demand Focused Energy Management in End User Environments, IEEE Wirel. Commun. Mag.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.1400377RP"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.03.029","article-title":"Communication network requirements for major smart grid applications in HAN, NAN and WAN","volume":"67","author":"Kuzlu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison, K., and Sahai, A. (2014, January 1\u20134). Allowing sensing as a supplement: An approach to the weakly-localized whitespace device problem. Proceedings of the IEEE DYSPAN, McLean, VA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2014.6817785"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacciapuoti, A.S., Caleffi, M., Marino, F., and Paura, L. (2015, January 8\u201312). Enabling Smart Grid via TV White Space Cognitive Radio. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW), London, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2015.7247241"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/5\/671\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:23:36Z","timestamp":1760210616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/5\/671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s16050671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16050671","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]]}}}