{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T23:37:23Z","timestamp":1768261043177,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,28]],"date-time":"2016-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a new modular lab on a chip design for multimodal neurotransmitter (NT) sensing and niosome generation based on a plug-and-play concept. This architecture is a first step toward an automated platform for an automated modulation of neurotransmitter concentration to understand and\/or treat neurodegenerative diseases. A modular approach has been adopted in order to handle measurement or drug delivery or both measurement and drug delivery simultaneously. The system is composed of three fully independent modules: three-channel peristaltic micropumping system, a three-channel potentiostat and a multi-unit microfluidic system composed of pseudo-Y and cross-shape channels containing a miniature electrode array. The system was wirelessly controlled by a computer interface. The system is compact, with all the microfluidic and sensing components packaged in a 5 cm \u00d7 4 cm \u00d7 4 cm box. Applied to serotonin, a linear calibration curve down to 0.125 mM, with a limit of detection of 31    \u03bc   M was collected at unfunctionalized electrodes. Added sensitivity and selectivity was achieved by incorporating functionalized electrodes for dopamine sensing. Electrode functionalization was achieved with gold nanoparticles and using DNA and o-phenylene diamine polymer. The as-configured platform is demonstrated as a central component toward an \u201cintelligent\u201d drug delivery system based on a feedback loop to monitor drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]],"date-time":"2016-05-30T10:26:58Z","timestamp":1464604018000},"page":"778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Towards a Multifunctional Electrochemical Sensing and Niosome Generation Lab-on-Chip Platform Based on a Plug-and-Play Concept"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Adnane","family":"Kara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Deptartment, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Rouillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Deptartment, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medecine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3250-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessy","family":"Mathault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Deptartment, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, 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