{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:25:55Z","timestamp":1766427955233,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Substantial changes have occurred in the Information Technology (IT) sectors and with these changes, the demand for remote access to field sensor information has increased. This allows visualization, monitoring, and control through various electronic devices, such as laptops, tablets, i-Pads, PCs, and cellular phones. The smart phone is considered as a more reliable, faster and efficient device to access and monitor industrial systems and their corresponding information interfaces anywhere and anytime. This study describes the deployment of a protocol whereby industrial system information can be securely accessed by cellular phones via a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) server. To achieve the study goals, proprietary protocol interconnectivity with non-proprietary protocols and the usage of interconnectivity services are considered in detail. They support the visualization of the SCADA system information, and the related operations through smart phones. The intelligent sensors are configured and designated to process real information via cellular phones by employing information exchange services between the proprietary protocol and non-proprietary protocols. SCADA cellular access raises the issue of security flaws. For these challenges, a cryptography-based security method is considered and deployed, and it could be considered as a part of a proprietary protocol. Subsequently, transmission flows from the smart phones through a cellular network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T11:12:12Z","timestamp":1465902732000},"page":"821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A New Cellular Architecture for Information Retrieval from Sensor Networks through Embedded Service and Security Protocols"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0265-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aamir","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Image and Information Technology, School of Electronics &amp; Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, 1Ga, Deokjin-Dong, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0394-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malrey","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Image and Information Technology, School of Electronics &amp; Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, 1Ga, Deokjin-Dong, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naixue","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, and Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jun Gong Road, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"Department of Business and Computer Science, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, OK 73096, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fire Service Administration, WonKwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changhoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (SeoulTech), Seoul 01811, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2008.08.012","article-title":"Wired and wireless sensor networks for industrial applications","volume":"40","author":"Flammini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-014-1748-5","article-title":"Construction of Tree Network with Limited Delivery Latency in Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"78","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"171","article-title":"A Novel Routing Protocol Providing Good Transmission Reliability in Underwater Sensor Networks","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Internet Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-014-2381-8","article-title":"Steganalysis of LSB matching using differences between nonadjacent pixels","volume":"75","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2008.04.002","article-title":"Wireless sensor network survey","volume":"52","author":"Yick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Wireless SCADA, Bentek Systems. Available online: https:\/\/www.scadalink.com\/support\/knowledge-base\/wireless-scada\/."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"930","article-title":"Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Process Monitoring and Control with Security Architecture: A survey for Research Issues","volume":"2","author":"Vyas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14257\/ijsh.2013.7.5.01","article-title":"Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems Utilizing Mobile Nodes","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Smart Home"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Choi, M. A Study of the Evolution of Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems. Available online: http:\/\/onlinepresent.org\/proceedings\/vol27_2013\/35.pdf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Z., Ren, K., Shu, J., Sun, X., and Huang, F. (2015). Enabling Personalized Search over Encrypted Outsourced Data with Efficiency Improvement. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2015.2506573"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"43","article-title":"Design and implementation of web based remote supervisory control and information system","volume":"1","author":"Kirubashankar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Soft Comput. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Bradley, A. (2015). Flexible Solutions for Your Supervisory Control and Data Acquisitions Needs (SCADA System Selection Guide), Rockwell International Company."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2012.03.003","article-title":"GPRS based data acquisition and analysis system with mobile phone control","volume":"45","author":"Ionel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Zhao, X.Y., Zhang, Z.H., and Meng, W. (2012, January 19\u201321). GPRS based remote data acquisition and forecasting system for long-distance natural Gas pipeline monitoring. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Computational Problem-Solving (ICCP), Leshan, China."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Wireless Cell-Cellular Ethernet Internet Modem Products. Available online: http:\/\/www.industrial-grade-modem.com\/prod02.shtml."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otani, T., and Kobayashi, H. (July, January 28). A SCADA system using mobile agents for a next-generation distribution system. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech, Bucharest, Romania.","DOI":"10.1109\/PTC.2009.5281940"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Wireless Communications in SCADA Systems. Available online: http:\/\/www.metering.com\/wp,content\/uploads\/i\/Wireless_Comm_SCADA_Systems.pdf."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Control Engineering 2014 Mobility Study. Available online: http:\/\/www.controleng.com\/single-article\/control-engineering-2014-mobility-study\/a47aba6b06ab9443aa3e87384c028ded.html."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"2014 Wireless Study: 8 Key Findings on Wireless Technologies. Available online: http:\/\/www.controleng.com\/single-article\/2014-wireless-study-8-key-findings-on-wireless-technologies\/d24aaca3685a12a07ee06e78ec2eb487.html."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3923\/tasr.2014.381.395","article-title":"N-Secure Cryptography Solution for SCADA Security Enhancement","volume":"9","author":"Shahzad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"91","article-title":"Real time web based vehicle tracking using GPS","volume":"61","author":"Muruganandham","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Cellular Communications for Industrial Automation. Available online: http:\/\/www.controleng.com\/single-article\/cellular-communications-for-industrial-automation\/f91c37ec8d740727ea045836c7d775a4.html."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willig, A., Matheus, K., and Wolisz, A. (2005). Wireless Technology in Industrial Networks. Proc. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2005.849717"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Implementing Wireless Solutions for Industrial Communication Applications. Available online: http:\/\/www.controleng.com\/single-article\/implementing-wireless-solutions-for-industrial-communicationapplications\/0dff54276ef2baac5796bb6af66b4126.html."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Project Details: Integrating Wireless with Wastewater. Available online: http:\/\/www.controleng.com\/single-article\/project-details-integrating-wireless-with-wastewater\/ea3e23d9c037d6d6b5e491f0631ec58f.html."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Hart Application Guide. Available online: http:\/\/www.pacontrol.com\/download\/hart-protocol.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahzad, A., Udagepola, K.P., Lee, Y., Park, S., and Lee, M. (2015). The Sensors Connectivity within SCADA Automation Environment and New Trends for Security Development during Multicasting Routing Transmission. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/738687"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Medany, W.M., Alomary, A., Al-Hakim, R., Al-Irhayim, S., and Nousif, M. (2010, January 28\u201330). Implementation of GPRS-Based Positioning System Using PIC Microcontroller. Proceedings of the 2010 2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CICSyN.2010.76"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Yang, F., Zhang, C., and Ren, G. (2012, January 27\u201329). Design of GPRS Based Interface Parameters Remote Monitoring System for Crude Oil Tank. Proceedings of the 2012 Third International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE '12), Baotou, China."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.J. (2012). Security and Vulnerability of SCADA Systems over IP-Based Wireless Sensor Networks. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/268478"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahzad, A., Lee, M., Lee, C., Xiong, N., Kim, S., Lee, Y.-K., Kim, K., Woo, S., and Jeong, G. (2015). The protocol design and New approach for SCADA security enhancement during sensors broadcasting system. Multimed. Tools Appl.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-3050-2"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurban, E.H., and Andreescu, G. (2011, January 8\u201310). SCADA element solutions using Ethernet and mobile phone network. Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY). Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics, Subotica, Serbia.","DOI":"10.1109\/SISY.2011.6034342"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escudero, J.I., Rodriguez, J.A., Romero, M.C., and Diaz, S. (2005). Deployment of digital video and Audio Over electrical SCADA networks. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2004.833906"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Liu, G.L., Yang, Z.Y., and Jiang, W.F. (2012). Advances in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Springer-Verlag."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"\u015eahin, S. Modbus-Based SCADA\/HMI Applications. Available online: https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwibyLf4uobNAhWHESwKHQy6DIAQFggcMAA&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.jitae.org%2fDownload.aspx%3fID%3d5228&usg=AFQjCNEe46FIDAMrm0YzVe7KW_s3vsao4w&bvm=bv.123325700,d.bGg&cad=rjt."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.12.049","article-title":"Discovering vulnerabilities in control system human-machine interface software","volume":"82","author":"McGrew","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filali, S., Gonz\u00e1lez, C., and Lecuona, C. (2014, January 10\u201312). Standards Evaluation HMI: Application of the guideline GEDIS to the systems SCADA of the NAP (Network Access Point) Canary Islands. Proceedings of the XV International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, Puerto de la Cruz, Spain.","DOI":"10.1145\/2662253.2662276"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kujawa, L., and Boutemy, R. (2014, January 15\u201317). The synergy between system modelization and HMI modelization: Application on a workbench HMI. Proceedings of the 2014 Ergonomie et Informatique Avanc\u00e9e Conference\u2014Design, Ergonomie et IHM: Quelle Articulation Pour la Co-Conception de L'interaction, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2671470.2671488"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Hieb, J.L., Graham, J.H., and Patel, S.C. Cyber Security Enhancements for SCADA and DCS Systems. Available online: http:\/\/www.cs.louisville.edu\/facilities\/ISLab\/tech%20papers\/ISRL-TR-07-02.pdf."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2008.05.043","article-title":"A unified security framework with three key management schemes for wireless sensor networks","volume":"31","author":"Riaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Saxena, A., Pal, O., and Saquib, Z. (2011). Computer Networks and Information Technologies, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"929","article-title":"A Variable Threshold-Value Authentication Architecture for Wireless Mesh Networks","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Internet Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2007.04.003","article-title":"Cyber security risk assessment for SCADA and DCS networks","volume":"46","author":"Ralston","year":"2007","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Robles, R.J., Balitanas, M., and Kim, T.-H. (2011). Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.-J., Kim, B.-H., Yeo, S.-S., and Cho, D.-E. (2013, January 28\u201330). Network anomaly detection for m-connected SCADA networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA '13), Compiegne, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/BWCCA.2013.61"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Fang, L., and Dai, Y. (2010, January 13\u201314). A Simulation Environment for SCADA Security Analysis and Assessment. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA), Changsha, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMTMA.2010.603"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Oman, P., and Phillips, M. (2007). Critical Infrastructure Protection, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.3390\/sym7041945","article-title":"New Security Development and Trends to Secure the SCADA Sensors Automated Transmission during Critical Sessions","volume":"7","author":"Shahzad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chikuni, E., and Dondo, M. (2007, January 26\u201328). Investigating the security of electrical power systems SCADA. Proceedings of the AFRICON 2007, Windhoek, Namibia.","DOI":"10.1109\/AFRCON.2007.4401531"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030322","article-title":"A Secure, Intelligent, and Smart-Sensing Approach for Industrial System Automation and Transmission over Unsecured Wireless Networks","volume":"16","author":"Shahzad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"DNP Users Group. Available online: https:\/\/www.dnp.org\/Pages\/AboutUsersGroup.aspx."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Majdalawieh, M., Parisi-Presicce, F., and Wijesekera, D. (2006). Advances in Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering, Springer."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-0578(07)60066-4","article-title":"Mobile phone based SCADA for industrial automation","volume":"45","author":"Engin","year":"2006","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862184","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/862184","article-title":"A Tracking System Supporting Large-Scale Users Based on GPS and G-Sensor","volume":"2015","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Collins, F., Orpen, D., Maher, D., Cleary, J., Fay, C., and Diamond, D. (2011, January 21\u201327). Distributed chemical sensor networks for environmental sensing, sensor devices. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Sensor Device Technologies and Applications, Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke, G., Reynders, D., and Wright, E. (2004). Practical Modern SCADA Protocols: DNP3, 60870.5 and Related Systems, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-075065799-0\/50019-X"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.090512","article-title":"Comparative analysis of quality of service and memory usage for adaptive failure detectors in healthcare systems","volume":"27","author":"Xiong","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2015.2401003","article-title":"A Secure and Dynamic Multi-keyword Ranked Search Scheme over Encrypted Cloud Data","volume":"27","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2381872","article-title":"Segmentation-based Image Copy-move Forgery Detection Scheme","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2010.29","article-title":"A distributed efficient flow control scheme for multirate multicast networks","volume":"21","author":"Xiong","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1145\/1538788.1538820","article-title":"Improving the cyber security of SCADA communication networks","volume":"52","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/6\/821\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:25:25Z","timestamp":1760210725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/6\/821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s16060821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16060821","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]}}}