{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T21:47:13Z","timestamp":1768513633691,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,4]],"date-time":"2016-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An experimental method to characterize the magnetic properties of Grain Oriented Electrical Steel in the rolling direction is proposed in this paper. It relies on the use of three 25 cm Epstein frames combined to generate three test-frames of different lengths. This enables the identification of the effective specific losses of the electrical steel when magnetization is applied along the rolling direction. As a consequence, it evidences the deviation of the loss figures obtained using the standardised Epstein test. The difference in losses is explained by the fact that the described method gives \u201conly\u201d the losses attached to the straight parts. The concept of the magnetic path length as defined by the standard is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T10:47:38Z","timestamp":1465210058000},"page":"826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Determination of Specific Losses in the Limbs of an Epstein Frame Using a Three Epstein Frame Methodology Applied to Grain Oriented Electrical Steels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Parent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes Electrotechniques et Environnement (LSEE), University of Artois, EA 4025, F-62400 B\u00e9thune, France"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Penin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes Electrotechniques et Environnement (LSEE), University of Artois, EA 4025, F-62400 B\u00e9thune, France"},{"name":"Thyssenkrupp Electrical Steel, F-62330 Isbergues, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Lecointe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes Electrotechniques et Environnement (LSEE), University of Artois, EA 4025, F-62400 B\u00e9thune, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Brudny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes Electrotechniques et Environnement (LSEE), University of Artois, EA 4025, F-62400 B\u00e9thune, France"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Belgrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyssenkrupp Electrical Steel, F-62330 Isbergues, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEC 60404-2: Methods of Measurement of the Magnetic Properties of Electrical Steel Sheet and Strip by Means of an Epstein Frame, 3.1 ed.. Available online: https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/publication\/2064."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ossart, F., Mekhiche, M., and Waeckerl\u00e9, T. (1995, January 12\u201314). Numerical simulation of an Epstein frame used for anisotropy measurements. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Soft Magnetic Materials, Krak\u00f3w, Poland."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2007.894124","article-title":"A method for defining the mean path length of the Epstein frame","volume":"43","author":"Marketos","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2008.04.085","article-title":"Calculation of the mean path length of the Epstein frame under non-sinusoidal excitations using the double Epstein method","volume":"320","author":"Marketos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Pf\u00fctzner, H., Futschik, K., and Hamberger, P.M.A. (2012, January 3\u20136). Concept for more correct iron loss measurements considering path length dynamics. Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on 1 & 2 Dimensional Magnetic Measurement and Testing, Wien, Austria."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.873.121","article-title":"Triple Epstein frame first-level weighted processing method for determining the effective path length of the Epstein frame","volume":"873","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Dieterly, D. (1948, January 21\u201325). DC permeability testing of Epstein samples with double-lap joints. Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing Materials, Detroit, MI, USA."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Lopez, S., Cassoret, B., Brudny, J.F.C., and Vincent, J.N. 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Study of Magnetic Losses on Magntic Materials Destinated to Transport Applications at High Frequency and under Bidirectionnal Magnetic Field. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay]."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/6\/826\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:25:03Z","timestamp":1760210703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/6\/826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s16060826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16060826","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,4]]}}}