{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:40:14Z","timestamp":1761709214444,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 61571260","No. 61201356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 61571260","No. 61201356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radar waveform design is of great importance for radar system performances and has drawn considerable attention recently. Constant modulus is an important waveform design consideration, both from the point of view of hardware realization and to allow for full utilization of the transmitter\u2019s power. In this paper, we consider the problem of constant-modulus waveform design for extended target detection with prior information about the extended target and clutter. At first, we propose an arbitrary-phase unimodular waveform design method via joint transmitter-receiver optimization. We exploit a semi-definite relaxation technique to transform an intractable non-convex problem into a convex problem, which can then be efficiently solved. Furthermore, quadrature phase shift keying waveform is designed, which is easier to implement than arbitrary-phase waveforms. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T10:09:24Z","timestamp":1466158164000},"page":"889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Radar Constant-Modulus Waveform Design with Prior Information of the Extended Target and Clutter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenzhen","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology (BITTT), Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology (BITTT), Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5165-0869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology (BITTT), Beijing 100094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1966.4501963","article-title":"Clutter suppression by complex weighting of coherent pulse trains","volume":"2","author":"Rummler","year":"1966","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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