{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T17:14:35Z","timestamp":1769188475017,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resource bound security solutions have facilitated the mitigation of spatio-temporal attacks by altering protocol semantics to provide minimal security while maintaining an acceptable level of performance. The Dynamic Window Secured Implicit Geographic Forwarding (DWSIGF) routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been proposed to achieve a minimal selection of malicious nodes by introducing a dynamic collection window period to the protocol\u2019s semantics. However, its selection scheme suffers substantial packet losses due to the utilization of a single distance based parameter for node selection. In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy-based Geographic Forwarding protocol (FuGeF) to minimize packet loss, while maintaining performance. The FuGeF utilizes a new form of dynamism and introduces three selection parameters: remaining energy, connectivity cost, and progressive distance, as well as a Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) for node selection. These introduced mechanisms ensure the appropriate selection of a non-malicious node. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed FuGeF protocol as compared to DWSIGF variants. The simulation results show that the proposed FuGeF outperforms the two DWSIGF variants (DWSIGF-P and DWSIGF-R) in terms of packet delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T18:29:50Z","timestamp":1466706590000},"page":"943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["FuGeF: A Resource Bound Secure Forwarding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Idris","family":"Umar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8079-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zurina","family":"Mohd Hanapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Excellence for Wireless and Photonic Network (WIPNET), Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuriati","family":"Zulkarnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1145\/1121776.1121780","article-title":"Research challenges for wireless sensor networks","volume":"1","author":"Stankovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"ACM SIGBED Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Wood, A.D., Fang, L., Stankovic, J.A., and He, T. 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