{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:44:54Z","timestamp":1773845094115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We simulated an efficient method for the sensor array of high-sensitivity single-slot photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (PCNCs) on a silicon platform. With the combination of a well-designed photonic crystal waveguide (PhCW) filter and an elaborate single-slot PCNC, a specific high-order resonant mode was filtered for sensing. A 1 \u00d7 3 beam splitter carefully established was implemented to split channels and integrate three sensors to realize microarrays. By applying the three-dimensional finite-difference-time-domain (3D-FDTD) method, the sensitivities calculated were S1 = 492 nm\/RIU, S2 = 244 nm\/RIU, and S3 = 552 nm\/RIU, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multiplexing design in which each sensor cite features such a high sensitivity simultaneously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16071050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T09:49:06Z","timestamp":1467884946000},"page":"1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Multiplexed Simultaneous High Sensitivity Sensors with High-Order Mode Based on the Integration of Photonic Crystal 1 \u00d7 3 Beam Splitter and Three Different Single-Slot PCNCs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongyuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fujun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.31.001896","article-title":"Heavy water detection using ultra-high-Q microcavities","volume":"31","author":"Armani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.223","article-title":"Nano-optics from sensing to waveguiding","volume":"1","author":"Lal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145002","article-title":"Label-free, single-molecule detection with optical microcavities","volume":"317","author":"Armani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.001020","article-title":"On the performance quantification of resonant refractive index sensors","volume":"16","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8174","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.008174","article-title":"Refractive index sensing utilizing a cw photonic crystal nanolaser and its array configuration","volume":"16","author":"Kita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.001623","article-title":"Nanoscale optofluidic sensor arrays","volume":"16","author":"Mandal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14552","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.014552","article-title":"Comparison of the sensitivity of air and dielectric modes in photonic crystal slab sensors","volume":"17","author":"Hanic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27930","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.027930","article-title":"Photonic crystal slab sensor with enhanced surface area","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.27.000305","article-title":"Analysis of a photonic crystal cavity based on absorbent layer for sensing applications","volume":"27","author":"Dahdah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. B"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5420","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.005420","article-title":"Pillar-array based optical sensor","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.001656","article-title":"High resolution interrogation of tilted fiber grating SPR sensors from polarization properties measurement","volume":"19","author":"Caucheteur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10029","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.010029","article-title":"Extraordinarily high spectral sensitivity in refractive index sensors using multiple optical modes","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2014.09.014","article-title":"Label-free optical sensor by designing a high-Q photonic crystal ring\u2013slot structure","volume":"335","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7596","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.007596","article-title":"Photonic crystal fiber sensor array based on modes overlapping","volume":"19","author":"Sevilla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7954","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.007954","article-title":"Photonic-crystal membranes for optical detection of single nano-particles, designed for biosensor application","volume":"20","author":"Grepstad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12111","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.012111","article-title":"Photonic crystal self-collimation sensor","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041111","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4789857","article-title":"Slow light enhanced sensitivity of resonance modes in photonic crystal biosensors","volume":"102","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121113","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4798836","article-title":"Real-time quantitative terahertz microfluidic sensing based on photonic crystal pillar array","volume":"102","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15658","DOI":"10.3390\/s140915658","article-title":"Design Low Crosstalk Ring-Slot Array Structure for Label-Free Multiplexed Sensing","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12815","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.012815","article-title":"Selective detection of sub-atto-molar Streptavidin in 1013-fold impure sample using photonic crystal nanolaser sensors","volume":"21","author":"Hachuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20023","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.020023","article-title":"Nanoscale photonic crystal sensor arrays on monolithic substrates using side-coupled resonant cavity arrays","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4200107","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2014.2302805","article-title":"Nanoscale Low Crosstalk Photonic Crystal Integrated Sensor Array","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.31.001746","article-title":"Refractive index sensing utilizing parallel tapered nano-slotted photonic crystal nano-beam cavities","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2014.04.075","article-title":"Integration of high transmittance photonic crystal H2 nanocavity and broadband W1 waveguide for biosensing applications based on Silicon-on-Insulator substrate","volume":"330","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"063503","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3079671","article-title":"Chemical sensing in slotted photonic crystal heterostructure cavities","volume":"94","author":"Falco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.002523","article-title":"Refractive index sensing with an air-slot photonic crystal nanocavity","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5792","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.005792","article-title":"Liquid sensor based on high-Q slot photonic crystal cavity in silicon-on-insulator configuration","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4871012","article-title":"The role of group index engineering in series-connected photonic crystal microcavities for high density sensor microarrays","volume":"104","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4916340","article-title":"Silicon on-chip bandpass filters for the multiplexing of high sensitivity photonic crystal microcavity biosensors","volume":"106","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2012.2197671","article-title":"Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Si-Based ARROW-B Photonic Crystal Sharp-Bend Waveguides and Power Splitters","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2012.05.022","article-title":"High-bandwidth and low-loss photonic crystal power-splitter with parallel output based on the integration of Y-junction and waveguide bends","volume":"285","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.22.001191","article-title":"Topology optimization of photonic crystal structures: A high-bandwidth low-loss T-junction waveguide","volume":"22","author":"Jensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. B"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245302","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.64.245302","article-title":"Loss-induced on\/off switching in a channel add\/drop filter","volume":"64","author":"Fan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8657","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.008657","article-title":"Integration of a photonic crystal polarization beam splitter and waveguide bend","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.28.001525","article-title":"Efficient photonic crystal directional couplers","volume":"28","author":"Thorhauge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8012","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.53.008012","article-title":"Low-loss, efficient, wide-angle 1 \u00d7 4 power splitter at ~1.55 \u03bcm wavelengths for four play applications built with a monolithic photonic crystal slab","volume":"53","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2012.2205369","article-title":"Efficient, Wide Angle, Structure Tuned 1 \u00d7 3 Photonic Crystal Power Splitter at 1550 nm for Triple Play Applications","volume":"30","author":"Tee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Lumerical Solutions, Inc.. Available online: http:\/\/www.lumerical.com."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18529","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.018529","article-title":"Deterministic design of wavelength scale, ultra-high Q photonic crystal nanobeam cavities","volume":"19","author":"Quan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15547","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.015547","article-title":"Narrow-band waveguide Bragg gratings on SOI wafers with CMOS-compatible fabrication process","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2009.2039680","article-title":"Silicon-on-insulator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology","volume":"16","author":"Bogaerts","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/7\/1050\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:25:38Z","timestamp":1760210738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/7\/1050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s16071050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16071050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]}}}