{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:41:09Z","timestamp":1777657269633,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41271376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41271376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41422108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41422108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cross-disciplinary Collaborative Teams Program for  Science, Technology and Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences\uff0cWuhan Science andTechnology Program","award":["2013072304010825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013072304010825"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>State-of-the-art pansharpening methods generally inject the spatial structures of a high spatial resolution (HR) panchromatic (PAN) image into the corresponding low spatial resolution (LR) multispectral (MS) image by an injection model. In this paper, a novel pansharpening method with an edge-preserving guided filter based on three-layer decomposition is proposed. In the proposed method, the PAN image is decomposed into three layers: A strong edge layer, a detail layer, and a low-frequency layer. The edge layer and detail layer are then injected into the MS image by a proportional injection model. In addition, two new quantitative evaluation indices, including the modified correlation coefficient (MCC) and the modified universal image quality index (MUIQI) are developed. The proposed method was tested and verified by IKONOS, QuickBird, and Gaofen (GF)-1 satellite images, and it was compared with several of state-of-the-art pansharpening methods from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16071068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T10:01:21Z","timestamp":1468317681000},"page":"1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Pansharpening with a Guided Filter Based on Three-Layer Decomposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiangchao","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanfeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangpei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2007.908884","article-title":"Improving modis spatial resolution for snow mapping using wavelet fusion and arsis concept","volume":"5","author":"Sirguey","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. 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