{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:27:54Z","timestamp":1781926074486,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A reduced grapheme oxide (rGO)\/Au hybrid nanocomposite has been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment using graphite and HAuCl4 as the precursors. Characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, X-ray photoelecton spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicates the formation of rGO\/Au. A gas sensor fabricated with rGO\/Au nanocomposite was applied for NO2 detection at 50 \u00b0C. Compared with pure rGO, rGO\/Au nanocomposite exhibits higher sensitivity, a more rapid response\u2013recovery process and excellent reproducibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16071152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T09:54:45Z","timestamp":1469181285000},"page":"1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Reduced Graphene Oxide\/Au Nanocomposite for NO2 Sensing at Low Operating Temperature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1039\/c0nr00015a","article-title":"Amino acid-assisted one-pot assembly of Au, Pt nanoparticles onto one-dimensional ZnO microrods","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1039\/C0JM01800G","article-title":"3D hierarchically porous ZnO structures and their functionalization by Au nanoparticles for gas sensors","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.03.006","article-title":"Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles functionalized WO3 nanorods and their gas sensing properties","volume":"156","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.03.017","article-title":"Pt clusters supported on WO3 for ethanol detection","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(01)01372-0","article-title":"Nanowires, nanobelts and related nanostructures of Ga2O3","volume":"351","author":"Gundiah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1507835","article-title":"Synthesis, Raman scattering and defects of \u03b2-Ga2O3 nanorods","volume":"81","author":"Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.11.006","article-title":"H2S gas sensing properties of bare and Pd-functionalized CuO nanorods","volume":"161","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnold, S.P., Prokes, S.M., Perkins, K., and Zaghloul, M.E. (2009). Design and performance of a simple, room-temperature Ga2O3 nanowire gas sensor. Appl. Phys. Lett., 95.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3223617"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Y.J., Hwang, I.S., Park, J.G., Choi, K.J., Park, J.H., and Lee, J.H. (2008). Novel fabrication of a SnO2 nanowire gas sensor with high sensitivity. Nanotechnology, 19.","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/19\/9\/095508"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1021\/jp045509l","article-title":"Electronic control of chemistry and catalysis at the surface of an individual Tin Oxide nanowire","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(01)00796-1","article-title":"UV light activation of tin oxide thin films for NO2 sensing at low temperatures","volume":"78","author":"Comini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.04.070","article-title":"Equivalence between thermal and room temperature UV light-modulated responses of gas sensors based on individual SnO2 nanowires","volume":"140","author":"Prades","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142106","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3243458","article-title":"UV-activated room-temperature gas sensing mechanism of polycrystalline ZnO","volume":"95","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.10.054","article-title":"Nanopatterned polycrystalline ZnO for room temperature gas sensing","volume":"144","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1021\/jp906043k","article-title":"UV and visible light controllable depletion zone of ZnO-polyaniline p\u2013n junction and its application in a photoresponsive sensor","volume":"114","author":"Gong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.03.080","article-title":"UV sensor based on TiO2 nanorod arrays on FTO thin film","volume":"156","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.07.011","article-title":"A single ZnO tetrapod-based sensor","volume":"141","author":"Lupana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.12.039","article-title":"UV-enhanced room temperature NO2 sensor using ZnO nanorods modified with SnO2 nanoparticles","volume":"162","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19841","DOI":"10.1021\/jp807989b","article-title":"Graphene\u2212Metal Particle Nanocomposite","volume":"112","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.83","article-title":"Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material","volume":"3","author":"Eda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13869","DOI":"10.1021\/la900905h","article-title":"Graphene\u2212Semiconductor Nanocomposites: Excited-State interactions between ZnO nanoparticles and graphene oxide","volume":"25","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504940","article-title":"Graphene Functionalized Natural Microcapsules: Modular Building Blocks for Ultrahigh Sensitivity Bioelectronic Platforms","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2008.09.045","article-title":"Chemical analysis of graphene oxide films after heat and chemical treatments by X-ray photoelectron and micro-Raman spectroscopy","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200901934","article-title":"Graphene Oxide, Highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: Versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials","volume":"6","author":"Compton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10313","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b04343","article-title":"Physisorption-based charge transfer in two-dimensional SnS2 for selective and reversible NO2 gas Sensing","volume":"9","author":"Ou","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01539a017","article-title":"Preparation of graphitic oxide","volume":"80","author":"Hummers","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1021\/nn100511a","article-title":"A One-Step, Solvothermal reduction method for producing reduced graphene oxide dispersions in organic solvents","volume":"4","author":"Dubin","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1021\/cm9006603","article-title":"Hydrothermal Dehydration for the \u201cGreen\u201d Reduction of Exfoliated Graphene Oxide to Graphene and Demonstration of Tunable Optical Limiting Properties","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1021\/nl802484w","article-title":"Enhanced cyclic performance and lithium storage capacity of SnO2\/graphene nanoporous electrodes with three-dimensionally delaminated flexible structure","volume":"9","author":"Paek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5674","DOI":"10.1021\/cm902182y","article-title":"Electrical and spectroscopic characterizations of ultra-Large reduced graphene oxide monolayers","volume":"21","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2010.08.006","article-title":"Direct reduction of graphene oxide films into highly conductive and flexible graphene films by hydrohalic acids","volume":"48","author":"Pei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1021\/nn800593m","article-title":"Practical chemical sensors from chemically derived graphene","volume":"3","author":"Fowler","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2007.451","article-title":"Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1021\/nl050082v","article-title":"Enhanced gas sensing by Individual SnO2 nanowires and nanobelts functionalized with Pd Catalyst Particles","volume":"5","author":"Kolmakov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonnichsen, C., Franzl, T., Wilk, T., Vonplessen, G., and Feldmann, J. (2002). Drastic reduction of plasmon damping in gold nanorods. Phys. Rev. Lett., 88.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.077402"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8735","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.008735","article-title":"Effects of localized surface plasmons on the photoluminescence properties of Au-coated ZnO films","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Exp."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/7\/1152\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:26:49Z","timestamp":1760210809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/7\/1152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s16071152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16071152","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]}}}