{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:33:41Z","timestamp":1777523621446,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.11404018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.11404018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Structural health monitoring has been studied by a number of researchers as well as various industries to keep up with the increasing demand for preventive maintenance routines. This work presents a novel method for reconstruct prompt, informed strain\/stress responses at the hot spots of the structures based on strain measurements at remote locations. The structural responses measured from usage monitoring system at available locations are decomposed into modal responses using empirical mode decomposition. Transformation equations based on finite element modeling are derived to extrapolate the modal responses from the measured locations to critical locations where direct sensor measurements are not available. Then, two numerical examples (a two-span beam and a 19956-degree of freedom simplified airfoil) are used to demonstrate the overall reconstruction method. Finally, the present work investigates the effectiveness and accuracy of the method through a set of experiments conducted on an aluminium alloy cantilever beam commonly used in air vehicle and spacecraft. The experiments collect the vibration strain signals of the beam via optical fiber sensors. Reconstruction results are compared with theoretical solutions and a detailed error analysis is also provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16081290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1471341801000},"page":"1290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Time Domain Strain\/Stress Reconstruction Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition: Numerical Study and Experimental Validation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Reliability and System Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Yibin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, 755 College Rd. E., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Reliability and System Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Weifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Reliability and System Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Yongming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-3270(03)00002-5","article-title":"Distributed structural health monitoring with a smart sensor array","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. 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