{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:57:03Z","timestamp":1778623023889,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/M02346X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/M02346X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Management of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) thermal gradients is vital to limit thermal expansion mismatch and thermal stress. However, owing to harsh operation conditions of SOFCs and limited available space in stack configuration, the number of techniques available to obtain temperature distribution from the cell surface is limited. The authors previously developed and studied a thermocouple array pattern to detect surface temperature distribution on an SOFC in open circuit conditions. In this study, the performance in terms of mechanical durability and oxidation state of the thin film thermoelements of the thermocouple array on the porous SOFC cathode is investigated. A thin-film multi-junction thermocouple array was sputter deposited using a magnetron sputter coater. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterisation techniques were carried out to understand characteristics of the thin film before and after temperature (20 \u00b0C\u2013800 \u00b0C) measurement. Temperature readings from the sensor agreed well with the closely placed commercial thermocouple during heating segments. However, a sensor failure occurred at around 350 \u00b0C during the cooling segment. The SEM and XPS tests revealed cracks on the thin film thermoelements and oxidation to the film thickness direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T10:18:55Z","timestamp":1471947535000},"page":"1329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Performance and Durability of Thin Film Thermocouple Array on a Porous Electrode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Erdogan","family":"Guk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical & Automotive Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Ranaweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical & Automotive Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical & Automotive Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3696-7251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Sik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical & Automotive Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2005.10.014","article-title":"Performance simulation of planar SOFC using mixed hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases as fuel","volume":"47","author":"Inui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Energy Convers. 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