{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:34:13Z","timestamp":1777473253862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2016ZX05019-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZX05019-001"]}]},{"name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2016ZX05019-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZX05019-007"]}]},{"name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["61501394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61501394"]}]},{"name":"the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China","award":["20131333110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20131333110015"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China","award":["F2014203265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F2014203265"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China","award":["F2016203155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F2016203155"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China","award":["F2015203253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F2015203253"]}]},{"name":"the Key Project of Science and Technology of Hebei Education Department","award":["ZD2016161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2016161"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Research &amp; Development Program of Qinhuangdao City","award":["201601B051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201601B051"]}]},{"name":"the Daqing Oilfield Limited Company Science and Technology Project of Heilongjiang Province, China","award":["DQP-2014-CS-KY-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DQP-2014-CS-KY-002"]}]},{"name":"Yanshan University Doctoral Foundation","award":["B972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B972"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technique Research Plan of Qinhuangdao City","award":["201502A017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201502A017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oil-water two-phase flow is widespread in petroleum industry processes. The study of oil-water two-phase flow in horizontal pipes and the liquid holdup measurement of oil-water two-phase flow are of great importance for the optimization of the oil production process. This paper presents a novel sensor, i.e., a mini-conductance probe (MCP) for measuring pure-water phase conductivity of oil-water segregated flow in horizontal pipes. The MCP solves the difficult problem of obtaining the pure-water correction for water holdup measurements by using a ring-shaped conductivity water-cut meter (RSCWCM). Firstly, using the finite element method (FEM), the spatial sensitivity field of the MCP is investigated and the optimized MCP geometry structure is determined in terms of the characteristic parameters. Then, the responses of the MCP for the oil-water segregated flow are calculated, and it is found that the MCP has better stability and sensitivity to the variation of water-layer thickness in the condition of high water holdup and low flow velocity. Finally, the static experiments for the oil-water segregated flow were carried out and a novel calibration method for pure-water phase conductivity measurements was presented. The validity of the pure-water phase conductivity measurement with segregated flow in horizontal pipes was verified by experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T09:59:47Z","timestamp":1472032787000},"page":"1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Finite Element Analysis for a Mini-Conductance Probe in Horizontal Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Weihang","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China"}]},{"given":"Lingfu","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, Heilongjiang, China"}]},{"given":"Xingbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, Heilongjiang, China"}]},{"given":"Ronghua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, Heilongjiang, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, Heilongjiang, China"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, Heilongjiang, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Liu, X.B. 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