{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T01:43:00Z","timestamp":1772761380031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["SEMOLA (TEC2015-68284-R)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEMOLA (TEC2015-68284-R)"]}]},{"name":"Autonomous Region of Madrid","award":["MOSI-AGIL-CM (P2013\/ICE-3019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOSI-AGIL-CM (P2013\/ICE-3019)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SmartOpenData (FP7 EU Grant agreement 603284)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SmartOpenData (FP7 EU Grant agreement 603284)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Indoor evacuation systems are needed for rescue and safety management. One of the challenges is to provide users with personalized evacuation routes in real time. To this end, this project aims at exploring the possibilities of Google Glass technology for participatory multiagent indoor evacuation simulations. Participatory multiagent simulation combines scenario-guided agents and humans equipped with Google Glass that coexist in a shared virtual space and jointly perform simulations. The paper proposes an architecture for participatory multiagent simulation in order to combine devices (Google Glass and\/or smartphones) with an agent-based social simulator and indoor tracking services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T09:59:47Z","timestamp":1472032787000},"page":"1360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Participatory Agent-Based Simulation for Indoor Evacuation Supported by Google Glass"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas Telem\u00e1ticos, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas Telem\u00e1ticos, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1755-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas Telem\u00e1ticos, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Inform\u00e1ticos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Challenger, R., Clegg, C.W., and Robinson, M.A. (2009). Understanding Crowd Behaviors: Guidance and Lessons Identified, University of Leeds, Emergency Planning College. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Smith, R.A., and Dickie, J.F. (1993). Engineering for Crowd Safety, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakajima, Y., Shiina, H., Yamane, S., Ishida, T., and Yamaki, H. (2007, January 15\u201319). Disaster evacuation guide: Using a massively multiagent server and GPS mobile phones. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT 2007), Hiroshima, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/SAINT.2007.13"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn, J., and Han, R. (2012). An indoor augmented-reality evacuation system for the smartphone using personalized Pedometry. Hum. Centric Comput. Inf. Sci., 2.","DOI":"10.1186\/2192-1962-2-18"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1633","article-title":"Wearable health monitoring sensor network and its application to evacuation and rescue information server system for disabled and elderly persons","volume":"3","author":"Arai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Paletta, L., Wagner, V., Kallus, K.W., Schrom-Feiertag, H., Schwarz, M., Pszeida, M., Ladstaetter, S., and Matyus, T. (2014, January 19\u201323). Human factors modeling from wearable sensed data for evacuation based simulation scenarios. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2014), Krakow, Poland."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Sun, C., Wang, X., and Malkawi, A. (2013, January 25\u201330). The influence of environmental performance on way-finding behavior in evacuation simulation. Proceedings of the BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Le Bourget Du Lac, France.","DOI":"10.26868\/25222708.2013.1339"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1323(98)00057-2","article-title":"A review of the methodologies used in the computer simulation of evacuation from the built environment","volume":"34","author":"Gwynne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Muhdi, R.A. (2006, January 16\u201321). Evacuation Modeling: Development, Characteristic, and Limitations. Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Fromm, J. (2004). The Emergence of Complexity, Kassel University Press."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Wolfram, S. (2002). A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media Champaign."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"13","article-title":"The mass psychology of disasters and emergency evacuations: A research report and implications for the Fire and Rescue Service","volume":"10","author":"Cocking","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fire Saf. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, C., Yang, C., and Jin, S. (2009, January 23\u201325). Agent-based modeling and simulation on emergency evacuation. Proceedings of the Complex Sciences: First International Conference, Complex 2009, Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02469-6_25"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Ishida, T., Nakajima, Y., Murakami, Y., and Nakanishi, H. (2007, January 6\u201312). Augmented experiment: Participatory design with multiagent simulation. Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artifical Intelligence, Hyderabad, India."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Redmond, E. (2013). Programming Google Glass, Pragmatic Bookshelf."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Thalmann, D. (2016). Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/340615","article-title":"Crowd evacuation for indoor public spaces using Coulomb\u2019s law","volume":"2012","author":"Kamkarian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peacock, R.D., Averill, J.D., and Kuligowski, E.D. (2010). Stairwell Evacuation from Buildings: What We Know We don\u2019t Know, Springer.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.TN.1624"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guy, S.J., Kim, S., Lin, M.C., and Manocha, D. (2011, January 5\u20136). Simulating heterogeneous crowd behaviors using personality trait theory. Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation (ACM 2011), Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/2019406.2019413"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Braun, A., Musse, S.R., de Oliveira, L.P.L., and Bodmann, B.E. (2003, January 8\u20139). Modeling individual behaviors in crowd simulation. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents, New Brunswick, NJ, USA."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1142008","article-title":"Continuum crowds","volume":"25","author":"Treuille","year":"2006","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Daamen, W., Duives, D., Hoogendoorn, S.P., Jablonski, K., Argyriou, V., and Greenhill, D. (2014, January 22\u201324). Crowd simulation for dynamic environments based on information spreading and agents\u2019 personal interests. Proceedings of the Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2014 (PED 2014), Delft, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/35035023","article-title":"Simulating dynamical features of escape panic","volume":"407","author":"Helbing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Drury, J., and Cocking, C. (2007). The Mass Psychology of Disasters and Emergency Evacuations: Research Report and Implications for Practice, Citeseer."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, V.K., and Gupta, A.K. (2009, January 22\u201324). Agent based models of social systems and collective intelligence. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Agent & Multi-Agent Systems (IAMA 2009), Chennai, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/IAMA.2009.5228085"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Korhonen, T., Hostikka, S., Heli\u00f6vaara, S., and Ehtamo, H. (2008, January 16\u201318). Modelling social interactions in fire evacuation. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods, SFPE, Auckland, New Zealand."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuligowski, E.D., Peacock, R.D., and Hoskins, B.L. (2005). A Review of Building Evacuation Models.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.TN.1471"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francis, R., and Saunders, P. (1979). EVACNET: Prototype Network Optimization Models for Building Evacuation.","DOI":"10.6028\/NBS.IR.79-1738"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Chan, W.K., and Ukkusuri, S.V. (2011, January 11\u201314). Agent-based discrete-event hybrid space modeling approach for transportation evacuation simulation. Proceedings of the IEEE 2011 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Phoenix, AZ, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2011.6147751"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Sakaki, T., Toriumi, F., Shinoda, K., Kazama, K., Kurihara, S., Noda, I., and Matsuo, Y. (December, January 30). Disaster detection and location estimation of suffered areas using social media. Proceedings of the JSAI International Symposia on AI, Yamaguchi, Japan."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shestopal, V., and Grubits, S. (1994). Evacuation Model for Merging Traffic Flows in Multi-Room and Multi-Storey Buildings, CSIRO. DBCE Reprint.","DOI":"10.3801\/IAFSS.FSS.4-625"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fishwick Paul, A. (1995). Simulation Model Design and Execution, Prentice Hall.","DOI":"10.1145\/224401.224464"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.11.012","article-title":"Validating ambient intelligence based ubiquitous computing systems by means of artificial societies","volume":"222","author":"Serrano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"8","article-title":"Agent-based participatory simulations: Merging multi-agent systems and role-playing games","volume":"9","author":"Guyot","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torii, D., Ishida, T., and Bousquet, F. (2006, January 8\u201312). Modeling agents and interactions in agricultural economics. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS-06), Hakodate, Japan.","DOI":"10.1145\/1160633.1160643"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89674-6_41","article-title":"Participatory simulation platform using network games","volume":"Volume 5357","author":"Bui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2010.01.012","article-title":"Participatory agent-based modeling and simulation of rice production and labor migrations in Northeast Thailand","volume":"25","author":"Naivinit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Adamatti, D.F., Sichman, J.S., Rabak, C., Bommel, P., Ducrot, R., and Camargo, M.E.S.A. (2005, January 25\u201328). JogoMan: A prototype using multi-agent-based simulation and role-playing. Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Multi-Agent Modelling for Environmental Management (Cabm-Hema-Smaget-2005), Bourg St.-Maurice, France."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Murakami, Y., and Ishida, T. (2006, January 8). Participatory simulation for designing evacuation protocols. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Agent Technology for Disaster Management, Kyoto, Japan."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakanishi, H., and Ishida, T. (2004, January 10\u201312). FreeWalk\/Q: Social interaction platform in virtual space. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST 2004), Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1145\/1077534.1077552"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Nakajima, Y. (2009). Outdoor Evacuation Experiment Augmented by Massively Multiagent Simulation. [Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University]."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Fielding, R.T. (2000). REST: Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of California]."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heppenstall, A.J., Crooks, A.T., See, L.M., and Batty, M. (2012). Agent-Based Models of Geographical Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8927-4"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenwood, D., Lyell, M., Mallya, A., and Suguri, H. (2007, January 14\u201318). The IEEE FIPA approach to integrating software agents and web services. Proceedings of the 6th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS \u201907), Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1329125.1329458"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Tisue, S., and Wilensky, U. (2004, January 16\u201321). Netlogo: A simple environment for modeling complexity. Proceedings of the International Conference on Complex Systems, Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"4","article-title":"Repast: An extensible framework for agent simulation","volume":"8","author":"Collier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Resour. Environ. Issues"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Taillandier, P., Vo, D.A., Amouroux, E., and Drogoul, A. (2010, January 12\u201315). GAMA: A simulation platform that integrates geographical information data, agent-based modeling and multi-scale control. Proceedings of the International Conference on Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, Kolkata, India."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549705058073","article-title":"Mason: A multiagent simulation environment","volume":"81","author":"Luke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Simulation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4513","DOI":"10.3390\/s140304513","article-title":"Towards a holistic framework for the evaluation of emergency plans in indoor environments","volume":"14","author":"Serrano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Richardson, L., and Ruby, S. (2007). Restful Web Services, O\u2019Reilly."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Fredrich, T. (2013). RESTful Service Best Practices. Recommendations for Creating Web Services, Pearson eCollege. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810801949850","article-title":"Finding shortest paths on real road networks: The case for A*","volume":"23","author":"Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Koenig, S., and Likhachev, M. (August, January 28). D* Lite. Proceedings of the Eighteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Edmonton, AB, Canada."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Indoo.rs Gestting Started with Indoo.rs. Available online: https:\/\/my.indoo.rs\/javadoc\/mmt_guide\/."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Merkel, S. (2014). Building Evacuation with Mobile Devices. [Ph.D. Thesis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boone, H.N., and Boone, D.A. (2012). Analyzing likert data. J. Ext., 50.","DOI":"10.34068\/joe.50.02.48"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Zeng, K., Kim, K.H., and Mohapatra, P. (2012, January 18\u201321). Improving crowd-sourced Wi-Fi localization systems using bluetooth beacons. Proceedings of the 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2012.6275790"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/9\/1360\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:29:10Z","timestamp":1760210950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/9\/1360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s16091360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16091360","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]}}}