{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:19:14Z","timestamp":1784920754999,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation grant","award":["JCYJ20150521144320987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20150521144320987"]}]},{"name":"\u2018Hundred Talents\u2019 Program Award","award":["Y64401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y64401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>F\u00f6rster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology and genetically encoded FRET biosensors provide a powerful tool for visualizing signaling molecules in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are most commonly used as both donor and acceptor fluorophores in FRET biosensors, especially since FPs are genetically encodable and live-cell compatible. In this review, we will provide an overview of methods to measure FRET changes in biological contexts, discuss the palette of FP FRET pairs developed and their relative strengths and weaknesses, and note important factors to consider when using FPs for FRET studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T10:45:00Z","timestamp":1473849900000},"page":"1488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":416,"title":["A Guide to Fluorescent Protein FRET Pairs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bryce","family":"Bajar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Bioengineering and Neurobiology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00585226","article-title":"Energiewanderung und fluoreszenz","volume":"33","author":"Forster","year":"1946","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2171","article-title":"Improving FRET dynamic range with bright green and red fluorescent proteins","volume":"9","author":"Lam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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