{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:27:59Z","timestamp":1770917279350,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. 61671384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 61671384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["Program No. 2016JM6018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program No. 2016JM6018"]}]},{"name":"the  Seed Foundation of Innovation and Creation for Graduate Students in Northwestern Polytechnical University","award":["Program No. Z2016122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program No. Z2016122"]}]},{"name":"the Fund of Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology","award":["Program No. SAST2016083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program No. SAST2016083"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sensor data fusion technology is widely employed in fault diagnosis. The information in a sensor data fusion system is characterized by not only fuzziness, but also partial reliability. Uncertain information of sensors, including randomness, fuzziness, etc., has been extensively studied recently. However, the reliability of a sensor is often overlooked or cannot be analyzed adequately. A Z-number, Z = (A, B), can represent the fuzziness and the reliability of information simultaneously, where the first component A represents a fuzzy restriction on the values of uncertain variables and the second component B is a measure of the reliability of A. In order to model and process the uncertainties in a sensor data fusion system reasonably, in this paper, a novel method combining the Z-number and Dempster\u2013Shafer (D-S) evidence theory is proposed, where the Z-number is used to model the fuzziness and reliability of the sensor data and the D-S evidence theory is used to fuse the uncertain information of Z-numbers. The main advantages of the proposed method are that it provides a more robust measure of reliability to the sensor data, and the complementary information of multi-sensors reduces the uncertainty of the fault recognition, thus enhancing the reliability of fault detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T10:22:51Z","timestamp":1473934971000},"page":"1509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Sensor Data Fusion with Z-Numbers and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5429-2748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhe","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miaoyan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yehang","family":"Shou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2568-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongchuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/5.554205","article-title":"An introduction to multisensor data fusion","volume":"85","author":"Hall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. 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