{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:53:54Z","timestamp":1772067234903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Commission for Universities and Research of the Department of Innovation, Universities, and Enterprise of the Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["2014 SGR 1442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014 SGR 1442"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacteria concentration and detection is time-consuming in regular microbiology procedures aimed to facilitate the detection and analysis of these cells at very low concentrations. Traditional methods are effective but often require several days to complete. This scenario results in low bioanalytical and diagnostic methodologies with associated increased costs and complexity. In recent years, the exploitation of the intrinsic electrical properties of cells has emerged as an appealing alternative approach for concentrating and detecting bacteria. The combination of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and impedance analysis (IA) in microfluidic on-chip platforms could be key to develop rapid, accurate, portable, simple-to-use and cost-effective microfluidic devices with a promising impact in medicine, public health, agricultural, food control and environmental areas. The present document reviews recent DEP and IA combined approaches and the latest relevant improvements focusing on bacteria concentration and detection, including selectivity, sensitivity, detection time, and conductivity variation enhancements. Furthermore, this review analyses future trends and challenges which need to be addressed in order to successfully commercialize these platforms resulting in an adequate social return of public-funded investments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T10:07:43Z","timestamp":1474279663000},"page":"1514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Combined Dielectrophoresis and Impedance Systems for Bacteria Analysis in Microfluidic On-Chip Platforms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2294-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"P\u00e1ez-Avil\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Mart\u00ed i Franqu\u00e8s 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Esteve","family":"Juanola-Feliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Mart\u00ed i Franqu\u00e8s 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1875-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Punter-Villagrasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Mart\u00ed i Franqu\u00e8s 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Del Moral Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Mart\u00ed i Franqu\u00e8s 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7889-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Homs-Corbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Mart\u00ed i Franqu\u00e8s 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"IBEC-Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Research Group, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER-BBN-Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Mar\u00eda de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Colomer-Farrarons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Mart\u00ed i Franqu\u00e8s 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Miribel-Catal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Mart\u00ed i Franqu\u00e8s 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1140-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Samitier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Mart\u00ed i Franqu\u00e8s 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"IBEC-Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Research Group, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER-BBN-Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Mar\u00eda de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirk, M.D., Pires, S.M., Black, R.E., Caipo, M., Crump, J.A., Devleesschauwer, B., D\u00f6pfer, D., Fazil, A., Fischer-Walker, C.L., and Hald, T. 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