{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T11:07:53Z","timestamp":1772881673797,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]],"date-time":"2016-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003661","name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N0000897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N0000897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>All neural information systems (NIS) rely on sensing neural activity to supply commands and control signals for computers, machines and a variety of prosthetic devices. Invasive systems achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by eliminating the volume conduction problems caused by tissue and bone. An implantable brain machine interface (BMI) using intracortical electrodes provides excellent detection of a broad range of frequency oscillatory activities through the placement of a sensor in direct contact with cortex. This paper introduces a compact-sized implantable wireless 32-channel bidirectional brain machine interface (BBMI) to be used with freely-moving primates. The system is designed to monitor brain sensorimotor rhythms and present current stimuli with a configurable duration, frequency and amplitude in real time to the brain based on the brain activity report. The battery is charged via a novel ultrasonic wireless power delivery module developed for efficient delivery of power into a deeply-implanted system. The system was successfully tested through bench tests and in vivo tests on a behaving primate to record the local field potential (LFP) oscillation and stimulate the target area at the same time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T10:02:44Z","timestamp":1474884164000},"page":"1582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Wireless 32-Channel Implantable Bidirectional Brain Machine Interface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudhamayee","family":"Routhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kee","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WooSub","family":"Youm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144216","article-title":"The Plastic Human Brain Cortex","volume":"28","author":"Amedi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. 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