{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:51:14Z","timestamp":1775667074517,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China National Science Foundation","award":["61271391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61271391"]}]},{"name":"China National Science Foundation","award":["61671061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671061"]}]},{"name":"111 Project of China Ministry Of Education (MOE)","award":["B14010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B14010"]}]},{"name":"New Century Excellent Talents Supporting Plan of China MOE under Grant","award":["NCET-13-0049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCET-13-0049"]}]},{"name":"Ministry Research Foundation","award":["9140A21050114HT05338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9140A21050114HT05338"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For modern synthetic aperture radar (SAR), it has much more urgent demands on ground moving target indication (GMTI), which includes not only the point moving targets like cars, truck or tanks but also the distributed moving targets like river or ocean surfaces. Among the existing GMTI methods, displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) can effectively cancel the strong ground clutter and has been widely used. However, its detection performance is closely related to the target\u2019s signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) as well as radial velocity, and it cannot effectively detect the weak large-sized river surfaces in strong ground clutter due to their low SCR caused by specular scattering. This paper proposes a novel method called relative residue of DPCA (RR-DPCA), which jointly utilizes the DPCA cancellation outputs and the multi-look images to improve the detection performance of weak river surfaces. Furthermore, based on the statistics analysis of the RR-DPCA outputs on the homogenous background, the cell average (CA) method can be well applied for subsequent constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection. The proposed RR-DPCA method can well detect the point moving targets and distributed moving targets simultaneously. Finally, the results of both simulated and real data are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SAR\/GMTI method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T10:18:49Z","timestamp":1476267529000},"page":"1676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["SAR Ground Moving Target Indication Based on Relative Residue of DPCA Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6000-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-time Information Processing Technology, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuzhen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-time Information Processing Technology, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-time Information Processing Technology, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-time Information Processing Technology, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-time Information Processing Technology, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2184798","article-title":"Detection and estimation with RADARSAT-2 moving-object detection experiment modes","volume":"50","author":"Dragosevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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