{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:25:54Z","timestamp":1771925154210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the detection protocols for the individual, selective, and simultaneous determination of ibuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solutions have been developed using HKUST-1 metal-organic framework-carbon nanofiber composite (HKUST-CNF) electrode. The morphological and electrical characterization of modified composite electrode prepared by film casting was studied by scanning electronic microscopy and four-point-probe methods. The electrochemical characterization of the electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV) was considered the reference basis for the optimization of the operating conditions for chronoamperometry (CA) and multiple-pulsed amperometry (MPA). This electrode exhibited the possibility to selectively detect IBP and DCF by simple switching the detection potential using CA. However, the MPA operated under optimum working conditions of four potential levels selected based on CV shape in relation to the potential value, pulse time, and potential level number, and order allowed the selective\/simultaneous detection of IBP and DCF characterized by the enhanced detection performance. For this application, the HKUST-CNF electrode exhibited a good stability and reproducibility of the results was achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T10:33:16Z","timestamp":1476700396000},"page":"1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Electrochemical Selective and Simultaneous Detection of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aqueous Solution Using HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Framework-Carbon Nanofiber Composite Electrode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0488-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorina","family":"Motoc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, Mihai Viteazul 24, Timisoara 300223, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florica","family":"Manea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politehnica University of Timisoara, P-ta Victoriei no.2, Timisoara 300006, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Iacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. DATCOMP S.R.L, Str.Dr.Iosif Nemoianu nr 16\/4, Timisoara 300011, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Martinez-Joaristi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2626 BL, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gascon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2626 BL, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aniela","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politehnica University of Timisoara, P-ta Victoriei no.2, Timisoara 300006, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joop","family":"Schoonman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2626 BL, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2011.07.012","article-title":"Remediation of water pollution caused by pharmaceutical residues based on electrochemical separation and degradation technologies: A review","volume":"40","author":"Sires","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.07.059","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants and their removal from water. A review","volume":"93","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.05.049","article-title":"Determination of a broad spectrum of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in biofilm from a waste water treatment plant-impacted river","volume":"540","author":"Huerta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Water Security & the Brief Global Water Agenda, A UN-Water Analytical. Available online: http:\/\/inweh.unu.edu\/portfolio\/water-security-global-water-agenda\/."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2015.12.018","article-title":"Nanostructured materials in electroanalysis of pharmaceuticals","volume":"497","author":"Rahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5661","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)17285-3","article-title":"Anodic determination of acetylsalicylic acid at multiwall carbon nanotubes-epoxy composite electrode","volume":"10","author":"Iacob","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(12)60068-0","article-title":"Electrochemical detection and degradation of ibuprofen from water on multi-walled carbon nanotubes-epoxy composite electrode","volume":"25","author":"Motoc","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201000074","article-title":"Electrochemical determination of diclofenac sodium in aqueous solution on Cu-doped zeolite-expanded graphite-epoxy electrode","volume":"22","author":"Manea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2015.12.047","article-title":"Electrochemical oxidation behavior of itraconazole at different electrodes and its anodic stripping determination in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids","volume":"763","author":"Shalaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-7-331","article-title":"Silver-functionalized carbon nanofiber composite electrodes for ibuprofen detection","volume":"7","author":"Manea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2174\/138620707782152425","article-title":"Solid electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry: present applications and prospects for high throughput screening of drug compounds","volume":"10","author":"Uslu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1080\/00032710701242121","article-title":"Electroanalytical application of carbon based electrodes to the pharmaceuticals","volume":"40","author":"Uslu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.12.058","article-title":"Electrochemical determination of nanomolar levels of isoniazid in pharmaceutical formulation using silver nanoparticles decorated copolymer","volume":"188","author":"Rastogi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.09.054","article-title":"The Cu-MOF-199\/single-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol with extended linear ranges and lower detection limits","volume":"899","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.06.079","article-title":"Redox-active microsized metal-organic framework for efficient nonenzymatic H2O2 sensing","volume":"221","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.08.100","article-title":"Cu-based metal\u2013organic framework as a novel sensing platform for the enhanced electro-oxidation of nitrite","volume":"222","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2012.02.025","article-title":"Electrocatalytic four-electron reduction of oxygen with Copper (II)-based metal-organic frameworks","volume":"19","author":"Mao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2010.02.017","article-title":"Electrocatalytic activity of BasoliteTMF300 metal-organic-framework structures","volume":"12","author":"Babu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.12.092","article-title":"Encapsulating Cu nanoparticles into metal-organic frameworks fornonenzymatic glucose sensing","volume":"227","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1021\/cg300552w","article-title":"Electrochemical synthesis of some archetypical Zn2+, Cu2+ and Al3+ Metal Organic Frameworks","volume":"12","author":"Kapteijn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2012.06.030","article-title":"Electrochemical behavior of [Cu3(BTC)2] metal-organic framework: The effect of the method of synthesis","volume":"540","author":"Beltran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Alloy Compd."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2010.212","article-title":"Anodic determination of pentachlorophenol from water using carbon nanofiber-based composite electrode","volume":"9","author":"Baciu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Manag. J."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/10\/1719\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:33:11Z","timestamp":1760211191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/10\/1719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s16101719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16101719","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]}}}