{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:55:38Z","timestamp":1779342938958,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,19]],"date-time":"2016-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Boronic acid-containing (co)polymers have fascinated researchers for decades, garnering attention for their unique responsiveness toward 1,2- and 1,3-diols, including saccharides and nucleotides. The applications of materials that exert this property are manifold including sensing, but also self-regulated drug delivery systems through responsive membranes or micelles. In this review, some of the main applications of boronic acid containing (co)polymers are discussed focusing on the role of the boronic acid group in the response mechanism. We hope that this summary, which highlights the importance and potential of boronic acid-decorated polymeric materials, will inspire further research within this interesting field of responsive polymers and polymeric materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,19]],"date-time":"2016-10-19T10:32:57Z","timestamp":1476873177000},"page":"1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Responsive Boronic Acid-Decorated (Co)polymers: From Glucose Sensors to Autonomous Drug Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gertjan","family":"Vancoillie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7398-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Hoogenboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, D.G. (2006). Boronic Acids: Preparation and Applications in Organic Synthesis and Medicine, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.","DOI":"10.1002\/3527606548"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5484","DOI":"10.1039\/C6PY00775A","article-title":"Synthesis and polymerization of boronic acid containing monomers","volume":"7","author":"Vancoillie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00241-1","article-title":"Biomolecule-sensitive hydrogels","volume":"54","author":"Miyata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00300","article-title":"Synthesis and Applications of Boronic Acid-Containing Polymers: From Materials to Medicine","volume":"116","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-014-0545-6","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials for human health applications","volume":"59","author":"Islam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2004.03.002","article-title":"Polymers in sensor applications","volume":"29","author":"Adhikari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1021\/mz500035w","article-title":"pH- and sugar-responsive gel assemblies based on boronate-catechol interactions","volume":"3","author":"Nakahata","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10386","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201405525","article-title":"A boronate affinity sandwich assay: An appealing alternative to immunoassays for the determination of glycoproteins","volume":"53","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12277","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC04760E","article-title":"Self-healable macro-\/microscopic shape memory hydrogels based on supramolecular interactions","volume":"50","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b00210","article-title":"Room-temperature self-healing polymers based on dynamic-covalent boronic esters","volume":"48","author":"Cash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.5b00018","article-title":"Boronic acid-based hydrogels undergo self-healing at neutral and acidic pH","volume":"4","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1021\/ma035382i","article-title":"Swelling and shrinking kinetics of totally synthetic, glucose-responsive polymer gel bearing phenylborate derivative as a glucose-sensing moiety","volume":"37","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.1021\/ma200586w","article-title":"Kinetics of glucose-induced swelling of P(NIPAM-AAPBA) microgels","volume":"44","author":"Xing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4150","DOI":"10.1039\/c3sm00066d","article-title":"Microfluidic fabrication of monodisperse microcapsules for glucose-response at physiological temperature","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1039\/b920319b","article-title":"A totally synthetic glucose responsive gel operating in physiological aqueous conditions","volume":"46","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b00574","article-title":"Dual stimuli-responsive phenylboronic acid-containing framboidal nanoparticles by one-step aqueous dispersion polymerization","volume":"48","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10348","DOI":"10.1021\/ja074239s","article-title":"Facile strategy to well-defined water-soluble boronic acid (co)polymers","volume":"129","author":"Cambre","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1039\/b802293c","article-title":"Sugar-responsive block copolymers by direct RAFT polymerization of unprotected boronic acid monomers","volume":"44","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.26125","article-title":"Tuning the sugar-response of boronic acid block copolymers","volume":"50","author":"Cambre","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201300540","article-title":"RAFT polymerization of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid as the basis for micellar sugar sensors","volume":"35","author":"Maji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1021\/mz300047c","article-title":"Glucose-sensitivity of boronic acid block copolymers at physiological pH","volume":"1","author":"Roy","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13908","DOI":"10.1021\/ja905652w","article-title":"Polymeric monosaccharide receptors responsive at neutral pH","volume":"131","author":"Kyoung","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0345413","article-title":"Glucose-responsive polymer gel bearing phenylborate derivative as a glucose-sensing moiety operating at the physiological pH","volume":"5","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.1169","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive properties of aminophenylboronic acid-carrying thermosensitive copolymers","volume":"52","author":"Kayi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.09.006","article-title":"A new thermosensitive fluorescent probe for diol sensing: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinylphenylboronic acid)-alizarin red S complex","volume":"67","author":"Elmas","year":"2007","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.200300019","article-title":"Thermoresponsive properties of sugar sensitive copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and 3-(acrylamido)phenylboronic acid","volume":"205","author":"Shiomori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1021\/bm050208i","article-title":"Effects of polyols, saccharides, and glycoproteins on thermoprecipitation of phenylboronate-containing copolymers","volume":"7","author":"Ivanov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1163\/156856200744039","article-title":"Thermally reversible VPBA\u2013NIPAM copolymer gels for nucleotide adsorption","volume":"11","author":"Tuncel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8370","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9028632","article-title":"Nucleotide-responsive wettability on a smart polymer surface","volume":"131","author":"Qing","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/1616-5195(200206)2:5<214::AID-MABI214>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"RNA-sensitive N-isopropylacrylamide\/vinylphenylboronic acid random copolymer","volume":"2","author":"Tuncel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14554","DOI":"10.1021\/la203121u","article-title":"Phenylboronic acid functionalized SBA-15 for sugar capture","volume":"27","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201400907","article-title":"Preparation of poly(vinylphenylboronic acid) chain grafted poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate) beads for the selective enrichment of glycoprotein","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200800679","article-title":"Synthesis and application of novel phenylboronate affinity materials based on organic polymer particles for selective trapping of glycoproteins","volume":"32","author":"Preinerstorfer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1039\/c3an36623e","article-title":"Boronic acid-functionalized detonation nanodiamond for specific enrichment of glycopeptides in glycoproteome analysis","volume":"138","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC08183H","article-title":"Saccharides and temperature dual-responsive hydrogel layers for harvesting cell sheets","volume":"51","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2015.01.005","article-title":"Core-crosslinked polymeric micelles: Principles, preparation, biomedical applications and clinical translation","volume":"10","author":"Talelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(94)90261-5","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of a glucose-responsive insulin-releasing polymer device","volume":"15","author":"Shiino","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X9400500303","article-title":"A self-regulated insulin delivery system using boronic acid gel","volume":"5","author":"Shiino","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(95)00084-4","article-title":"Amine containing phenylboronic acid gel for glucose-responsive insulin release under physiological pH","volume":"37","author":"Shiino","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1163\/156856296X00462","article-title":"Amine effect on phenylboronic acid complex with glucose under physiological pH in aqueous solution","volume":"7","author":"Shiino","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12694","DOI":"10.1021\/ja982975d","article-title":"Totally synthetic polymer gels responding to external glucose concentration: Their preparation and application to on-off regulation of insulin release","volume":"120","author":"Kataoka","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2010.04.011","article-title":"Drug release kinetics from monolayer films of glucose-sensitive microgel","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7948","DOI":"10.1039\/c1sm05978e","article-title":"A facile strategy for polymers to achieve glucose-responsive behavior at neutral pH","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1021\/bm3003286","article-title":"Glucose-responsive vehicles containing phenylborate ester for controlled insulin release at neutral pH","volume":"13","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3968","DOI":"10.1039\/c4py00463a","article-title":"Formation\u2013dissociation of glucose, pH and redox triply responsive micelles and controlled release of insulin","volume":"5","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.1021\/ja211728x","article-title":"Monosaccharide-responsive release of insulin from polymersomes of polyboroxole block copolymers at neutral pH","volume":"134","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1021\/mz3004192","article-title":"Glucose-responsive disassembly of polymersomes of sequence-specific boroxole-containing block copolymers under physiologically relevant conditions","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8589","DOI":"10.1039\/c3sm51538a","article-title":"Glucose-responsive complex micelles for self-regulated release of insulin under physiological conditions","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b00155","article-title":"Glucose-responsive polymer vesicles templated by \u03b1-CD\/PEG inclusion complex","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.1991.030120405","article-title":"Glucose-responsive complex formation between poly(viny1 alcohol) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) with pendent phenylboronic acid moieties","volume":"12","author":"Kitano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Die Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.1991.220020508","article-title":"Effect of the incorporation of amino groups in a glucose-responsive polymer complex having phenylboronic acid moieties","volume":"2","author":"Kitano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012033718302","article-title":"Glucose-responsive gel from phenylborate polymer and poly(vinyl alcohol): Prompt response at physiological ph through the interaction of borate with amino group in the gel","volume":"14","author":"Hisamitsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2004.02.022","article-title":"Synthesis of boronate-containing copolymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide, their interaction with poly(vinyl alcohol) and rheological behaviour of the gels","volume":"45","author":"Ivanov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.1021\/la053368o","article-title":"Glucose-responsive polyelectrolyte capsules","volume":"22","author":"Jonas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00396-014-3490-7","article-title":"Sugar response of layer-by-layer films composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(amidoamine) dendrimer bearing 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid","volume":"293","author":"Suwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloid Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.02.017","article-title":"Boronate-containing polymers form affinity complexes with mucin and enable tight and reversible occlusion of mucosal lumen by poly(vinyl alcohol) gel","volume":"358","author":"Ivanov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6208","DOI":"10.1039\/C5PY00819K","article-title":"PGMA-based starlike polycations with flanking phenylboronic acid groups for highly efficient multifunctional gene delivery systems","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201100524","article-title":"Phenylboronic-Acid-Modified Amphiphilic Polyether as a Neutral Gene Vector","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc00877j","article-title":"Enhanced gene transfection capability of polyethylenimine by incorporating boronic acid groups","volume":"46","author":"Peng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10751","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201203360","article-title":"A phenylboronate-functionalized polyion complex micelle for ATP-triggered release of siRNA","volume":"51","author":"Naito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1021\/bm4007387","article-title":"pH\/Sugar Dual Responsive Core-Cross-Linked PIC Micelles for Enhanced Intracellular Protein Delivery","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.05.018","article-title":"A pH-responsive drug nanovehicle constructed by reversible attachment of cholesterol to PEGylated poly(l-lysine) via catechol\u2013boronic acid ester formation","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15501","DOI":"10.1021\/ja406406h","article-title":"Phenylboronic acid-installed polymeric micelles for targeting sialylated epitopes in solid tumors","volume":"135","author":"Deshayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(98)00514-0","article-title":"Tuning the affinity of a synthetic sialic acid receptor using combinatorial chemistry","volume":"39","author":"Patterson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2004.06.004","article-title":"Regulating the fluorescence intensity of an anthracene boronic acid system: A B-N bond or a hydrolysis mechanism?","volume":"32","author":"Ni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1039\/b105994g","article-title":"Modular fluorescence sensors for saccharides","volume":"37","author":"Arimori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(99)00299-3","article-title":"Detection of total sugar concentration using photoinduced electron transfer materials: Development of operationally stable, reusable optical sensors","volume":"65","author":"Appleton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-008-0947-8","article-title":"Boronic acid based probes for microdetermination of saccharides and glycosylated biomolecules","volume":"162","author":"Mader","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17894","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006911107","article-title":"Injectable hydrogel microbeads for fluorescence-based in vivo continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"107","author":"Shibata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heo, Y.J., Shibata, H., Okitsu, T., Kawanishi, T., and Takeuchi, S. (2011, January 5\u20139). Fluorescent hydrogel fibers for long-term in vivo glucose monitoring. Proceedings of the 2011 16th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/TRANSDUCERS.2011.5969342"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(02)00489-1","article-title":"A detailed examination of boronic acid-diol complexation","volume":"58","author":"Springsteen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1021\/ja057798c","article-title":"An improved class of sugar-binding boronic acids, soluble and capable of complexing glycosides in neutral water","volume":"128","author":"Dowlut","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6471","DOI":"10.1021\/jo800788s","article-title":"Benzoboroxoles as efficient glycopyranoside-binding agents in physiological conditions: Structure and selectivity of complex formation","volume":"73","author":"Dowlut","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2003.10.017","article-title":"3-Methoxycarbonyl-5-nitrophenyl boronic acid: High affinity diol recognition at neutral pH","volume":"14","author":"Mulla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorgan. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201103245","article-title":"Discrimination and classification of ginsenosides and ginsengs using bis-boronic acid receptors in dynamic multicomponent indicator displacement sensor arrays","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11111","DOI":"10.1039\/c1sm06230a","article-title":"pH-responsive, dynamically restructuring hydrogels formed by reversible crosslinking of PVA with phenylboronic acid functionalised PPO\u2013PEO\u2013PPO spacers (Jeffamines\u00ae)","volume":"7","author":"Piest","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.09.006","article-title":"Glucose sensors with increased sensitivity based on composite gels containing immobilized boronic acid","volume":"68","author":"Hajizadeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5102","DOI":"10.1021\/la050171n","article-title":"Phenylboronic acid monolayer-modified electrodes sensitive to sugars","volume":"21","author":"Takahashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201400217","article-title":"Glucose-Sensitive QCM-Sensors via Direct Surface RAFT Polymerization","volume":"35","author":"Sugnaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15613","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC07498J","article-title":"An extended-gate type organic field effect transistor functionalised by phenylboronic acid for saccharide detection in water","volume":"50","author":"Minami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Vancoillie, G., Zhang, Q., and Hoogenboom, R. (2015). Thermometry at the Nanoscale: Techniques and Selected Applications, RSC Publishing."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00032a005","article-title":"Solvatochromic Dyes as Solvent Polarity Indicators","volume":"94","author":"Reichardt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6603","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tc31304b","article-title":"Structure-related differences in the temperature-regulated fluorescence response of LCST type polymers","volume":"1","author":"Inal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1039\/c0py00162g","article-title":"PMMA based soluble polymeric temperature sensors based on UCST transition and solvatochromic dyes","volume":"1","author":"Pietsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5653","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200901071","article-title":"Soluble polymeric dual sensor for temperature and pH value","volume":"48","author":"Pietsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1039\/C1PY00380A","article-title":"Direct nitroxide mediated (co)polymerization of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid as route towards sugar sensors","volume":"3","author":"Vancoillie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00585226","article-title":"Energiewanderung und Fluoreszenz","volume":"33","author":"Forster","year":"1946","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1021\/ma200053a","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive fluorescent poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels labeled with phenylboronic acid moieties as multifunctional ratiometric probes for glucose and temperatures","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201107144","article-title":"Well-defined, reversible boronate crosslinked nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in response to acidic pH values and cis-diols","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5857","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200352405","article-title":"Continuous Glucose Sensing with a Fluorescent Thin-Film Hydrogel","volume":"42","author":"Suri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7589","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm04257a","article-title":"Multiwell plates loaded with fluorescent hydrogel sensors for measuring pH and glucose concentration","volume":"21","author":"Vilozny","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200500423","article-title":"Saccharide sensing based on saccharide-induced conformational changes in fluorescent boronic acid polymers","volume":"26","author":"Kanekiyo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1039\/b820397k","article-title":"Glucose sensing via polyanion formation and induced pyrene excimer emission","volume":"45","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1021\/ja021037h","article-title":"Photonic crystal carbohydrate sensors: Low ionic strength sugar sensing","volume":"125","author":"Asher","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1021\/ac030021m","article-title":"High ionic strength glucose-sensing photonic crystal","volume":"75","author":"Alexeev","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.039701","article-title":"Photonic crystal glucose-sensing material for noninvasive monitoring of glucose in tear fluid","volume":"50","author":"Alexeev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5149","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060643i","article-title":"Fast responsive crystalline colloidal array photonic crystal glucose sensors","volume":"78","author":"Alexeev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200351746","article-title":"Simple and precise preparation of a porous gel for a colorimetric glucose sensor by a templating technique","volume":"42","author":"Nakayama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5748","DOI":"10.1021\/ac049334n","article-title":"Glucose-sensitive holographic sensors for monitoring bacterial growth","volume":"76","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.663","article-title":"Glucose-sensitive holographic sensors","volume":"17","author":"Kabilan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2004.07.005","article-title":"Holographic glucose sensors","volume":"20","author":"Kabilan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2005.11.028","article-title":"Crosslinking of phenylboronic acid receptors as a means of glucose selective holographic detection","volume":"21","author":"Horgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2007.09.016","article-title":"Towards the real-time monitoring of glucose in tear fluid: Holographic glucose sensors with reduced interference from lactate and pH","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8491","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200600442","article-title":"Designed boronate ligands for glucose-selective holographic sensors","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.1039\/b904665h","article-title":"Aggregation-induced emission: Phenomenon, mechanism and applications","volume":"45","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1039\/B613522F","article-title":"Fluorescence enhancements of benzene-cored luminophors by restricted intramolecular rotations: AIE and AIEE effects","volume":"43","author":"Zeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4974","DOI":"10.1039\/b907382e","article-title":"A fluorescent thermometer operating in aggregation-induced emission mechanism: probing thermal transitions of PNIPAM in water","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12154-009-0024-8","article-title":"Fluorescent oligo and poly-thiophenes and their utilization for recording biological events of diverse origin-when organic chemistry meets biology","volume":"2","author":"Nilsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chem. Biol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/10\/1736\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:33:25Z","timestamp":1760211205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/10\/1736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,19]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s16101736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16101736","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,19]]}}}