{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T22:12:46Z","timestamp":1781734366457,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007228","name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007228","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biosensors are small analytical devices incorporating a biological recognition element and a physico-chemical transducer to convert a biological signal into an electrical reading. Nowadays, their technological appeal resides in their fast performance, high sensitivity and continuous measuring capabilities; however, a full understanding is still under research. This paper aims to contribute to this growing field of biotechnology, with a focus on Glucose-Oxidase Biosensor (GOB) modeling through statistical learning methods from a regression perspective. We model the amperometric response of a GOB with dependent variables under different conditions, such as temperature, benzoquinone, pH and glucose concentrations, by means of several machine learning algorithms. Since the sensitivity of a GOB response is strongly related to these dependent variables, their interactions should be optimized to maximize the output signal, for which a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing are used. We report a model that shows a good generalization error and is consistent with the optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16111483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T05:47:55Z","timestamp":1477460875000},"page":"1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Glucose Oxidase Biosensor Modeling and Predictors Optimization by Machine Learning Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9627-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Gonzalez-Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali, B.C. 21290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Stilianova-Stoytcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali, B.C. 21290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livier","family":"Renteria-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali, B.C. 21290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7577-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Belanche-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Flores-Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali, B.C. 21290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2636-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Ibarra-Esquer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali, B.C. 21290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors: Recommended definitions and classification","volume":"16","author":"Toth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biosens. 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