{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T23:46:30Z","timestamp":1772408790388,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51205089, 51275121 and 51475111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51205089, 51275121 and 51475111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral science foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012M520726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012M520726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012149","name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011YQ040087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011YQ040087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201406125121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201406125121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present an approach for an initial configuration design based on obscuration constraint and on-axis Taylor series expansion to realize the design of long working distance microscope (numerical aperture (NA) = 0.13 and working distance (WD) = 525 mm) with a low obscuration aspherical Schwarzschild objective in wide-spectrum imaging (\u03bb = 400\u2013900 nm). Experiments of the testing on the resolution target and inspection on United States Air Force (USAF) resolution chart and a line charge-coupled device (CCD) (pixel size of 14 \u03bcm \u00d7 56 \u03bcm) with different wavelength light sources (\u03bb = 480 nm, 550 nm, 660 nm, 850 nm) were implemented to verify the validity of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16111886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T10:09:39Z","timestamp":1478686179000},"page":"1886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Wide-Spectrum Microscope with a Long Working Distance Aspherical Objective Based on Obscuration Constraint"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, ParksRoad, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiubin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2010.267","article-title":"Nanoscale X-ray imaging","volume":"4","author":"Sakdinawat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.002930","article-title":"X-ray Schwarzschild objective for the carbon window (\ud835\udf06 = 4.5 nm)","volume":"34","author":"Artyukov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.26.001395","article-title":"Single-component reflecting objective for ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopy at cryogenic temperature","volume":"26","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. B"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8357","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.008357","article-title":"Polarization sensitive ultrafast mid-IR pump probe micro-spectrometer with diffraction limited spatial resolution","volume":"21","author":"Kaucikas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"075701","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/15\/7\/075701","article-title":"Mirror based microscope with a super-long working distance in wide spectrum imaging","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1088\/0370-1301\/70\/10\/304","article-title":"The two-mirror aplanat","volume":"70","author":"Head","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. Sec. B"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1117\/12.55913","article-title":"Design and analysis of aspherical multilayer imaging X-ray microscope","volume":"30","author":"Shealy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4254","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.45.004254","article-title":"Analytical design method for a modified Schwarzschild optics","volume":"45","author":"Budano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Smith, W.J. (2005). Modern Lens Design, McGraw-Hill. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10043-006-0149-8","article-title":"Analytical designing of two-aspherical-mirror anastigmats permitting practical misalignments in a soft-X-ray optics","volume":"13","author":"Toyoda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6699","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.006699","article-title":"Long working distance microscope with a low obscuration aspherical Schwarzschild objective","volume":"39","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/11\/1886\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:35:09Z","timestamp":1760211309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/16\/11\/1886"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s16111886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16111886","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]}}}