{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T16:18:09Z","timestamp":1764433089284,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a novel plasmonic Bragg reflector (PBR) based on graphene with multiple-step silicon structure. The monolayer graphene bears locally variable optical properties by modulation of electric fields, and the periodical change of effective refractive index on graphene can be obtained by external bias voltage in the mid-infrared region. Through patterning the PBR units into multiple-step structures, we can decrease the insertion loss and suppress the rippling in transmission spectra. By introducing the defect into the multiple-step PBRs, the multiple resonance modes are formed inside the stopband by increasing the step number. This work may pave the ways for the further development of ultra-compact low-cost hyperspectral sensors in the mid-infrared region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16122039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T10:36:37Z","timestamp":1480674997000},"page":"2039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tunable Multiple-Step Plasmonic Bragg Reflectors with Graphene-Based Modulated Grating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qinglu","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youjian","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Menglai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys989","article-title":"Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896","article-title":"Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films","volume":"306","author":"Novoselov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1849","article-title":"The rise of graphene","volume":"6","author":"Geim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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