{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:13:00Z","timestamp":1760213580952,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61427809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61427809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015M571415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015M571415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Foundation","award":["LBH-Z14088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH-Z14088"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIT.NSRIF.201626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIT.NSRIF.201626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K06133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K06133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>GyroWheel is an innovative device that combines the actuating capabilities of a control moment gyro with the rate sensing capabilities of a tuned rotor gyro by using a spinning flex-gimbal system. However, in the process of the ground test, the existence of aerodynamic disturbance is inevitable, which hinders the improvement of the specification performance and control accuracy. A vacuum tank test is a possible candidate but is sometimes unrealistic due to the substantial increase in costs and complexity involved. In this paper, the aerodynamic drag problem with respect to the 3-DOF flex-gimbal GyroWheel system is investigated by simulation analysis and experimental verification. Concretely, the angular momentum envelope property of the spinning rotor system is studied and its integral dynamical model is deduced based on the physical configuration of the GyroWheel system with an appropriately defined coordinate system. In the sequel, the fluid numerical model is established and the model geometries are checked with FLUENT software. According to the diversity and time-varying properties of the rotor motions in three-dimensions, the airflow field around the GyroWheel rotor is analyzed by simulation with respect to its varying angular velocity and tilt angle. The IPC-based experimental platform is introduced, and the properties of aerodynamic drag in the ground test condition are obtained through comparing the simulation with experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16122081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T10:39:01Z","timestamp":1481193541000},"page":"2081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Aerodynamic Drag Analysis of 3-DOF Flex-Gimbal GyroWheel System in the Sense of Ground Test"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"given":"Sizhao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"given":"Kangzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}]},{"given":"Libin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"given":"Weishan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2514\/1.54083","article-title":"Modeling and direct adaptive control of a flexible-joint manipulator","volume":"35","author":"Ulrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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