{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T02:56:52Z","timestamp":1778381812234,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,10]],"date-time":"2016-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the wide deployment of Wi-Fi networks, Wi-Fi based indoor localization systems that are deployed without any special hardware have caught significant attention and have become a currently practical technology. At the same time, the Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity (MARG) sensors installed in commercial mobile devices can achieve highly-accurate localization in short time. Based on this, we design a novel indoor localization system by using built-in MARG sensors and a Wi-Fi module. The innovative contributions of this paper include the enhanced Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) and Wi-Fi localization approaches, and an Extended Kalman Particle Filter (EKPF) based fusion algorithm. A new Wi-Fi\/MARG indoor localization system, including an Android based mobile client, a Web page for remote control, and a location server, is developed for real-time indoor pedestrian localization. The extensive experimental results show that the proposed system is featured with better localization performance, with the average error 0.85 m, than the one achieved by using the Wi-Fi module or MARG sensors solely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16122100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T14:43:57Z","timestamp":1481553837000},"page":"2100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Wi-Fi\/MARG Integration for Indoor Pedestrian Localization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zengshan","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Lab of Mobile Communications Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Lab of Mobile Communications Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Lab of Mobile Communications Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zipeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Lab of Mobile Communications Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Lab of Mobile Communications Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"775","article-title":"RADAR: An In-building RF-based User Location and Tracking System","volume":"2","author":"Bahl","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE INFOCOM"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24791","DOI":"10.3390\/s151024791","article-title":"PRIMAL: Page rank-based indoor mapping and localization using gene-sequenced unlabeled WLAN received signal strength","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Subaashini, K., Dhivya, G., and Pitchiah, R. 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