{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:47:08Z","timestamp":1761648428884,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]],"date-time":"2016-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a view-invariant gait recognition framework that employs a unique view invariant model that profits from the dimensionality reduction provided by Direct Linear Discriminant Analysis (DLDA). The framework, which employs gait energy images (GEIs), creates a single joint model that accurately classifies GEIs captured at different angles. Moreover, the proposed framework also helps to reduce the under-sampling problem (USP) that usually appears when the number of training samples is much smaller than the dimension of the feature space. Evaluation experiments compare the proposed framework\u2019s computational complexity and recognition accuracy against those of other view-invariant methods. Results show improvements in both computational complexity and recognition accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]],"date-time":"2016-12-22T09:48:53Z","timestamp":1482400133000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cross View Gait Recognition Using Joint-Direct Linear Discriminant Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jose","family":"Portillo-Portillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ESIME Culhuacan, 04430 Coyoac\u00e1n, CDMX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Leyva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Sanchez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ESIME Culhuacan, 04430 Coyoac\u00e1n, CDMX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Perez-Meana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ESIME Culhuacan, 04430 Coyoac\u00e1n, CDMX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Olivares-Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ESIME Culhuacan, 04430 Coyoac\u00e1n, CDMX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Toscano-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ESIME Culhuacan, 04430 Coyoac\u00e1n, CDMX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Nakano-Miyatake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ESIME Culhuacan, 04430 Coyoac\u00e1n, CDMX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Nixon, M.S., Tan, T., and Chellappa, R. 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