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To address the shortcomings of traditional benchtop electrochemical instruments, in recent years, many complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) instrumentation circuits have been reported for electrochemical biosensors. This paper provides a review and analysis of CMOS electrochemical instrumentation circuits. First, important concepts in electrochemical sensing are presented from an instrumentation point of view. Then, electrochemical instrumentation circuits are organized into functional classes, and reported CMOS circuits are reviewed and analyzed to illuminate design options and performance tradeoffs. Finally, recent trends and challenges toward on-CMOS sensor integration that could enable highly miniaturized electrochemical biosensor microsystems are discussed. The information in the paper can guide next generation electrochemical sensor design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,2]],"date-time":"2017-01-02T09:54:18Z","timestamp":1483350858000},"page":"74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["CMOS Electrochemical Instrumentation for Biosensor Microsystems: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Haitao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxim Integrated Products Inc., 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xcellcure LLC., 1 City Place Drive Suite 285, St. Louis, MO 63131, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Inc., 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Genov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Global Industry Analysis Inc. 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