{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:26:08Z","timestamp":1762521968453,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are several specific solutions for accessing sensors and actuators present in any process or system through a TCP\/IP network, either local or a wide area type like the Internet. The usage of sensors and actuators of different nature and diverse interfaces (SPI, I2C, analogue, etc.) makes access to them from a network in a homogeneous and secure way more complex. A framework, including both software and hardware resources, is necessary to simplify and unify networked access to these devices. In this paper, a set of open-source software tools, specifically designed to cover the different issues concerning the access to sensors and actuators, and two proposed low-cost hardware architectures to operate with the abovementioned software tools are presented. They allow integrated and easy access to local or remote sensors and actuators. The software tools, integrated in the free authoring tool Easy Java and Javascript Simulations (EJS) solve the interaction issues between the subsystem that integrates sensors and actuators into the network, called convergence subsystem in this paper, and the Human Machine Interface (HMI)\u2014this one designed using the intuitive graphical system of EJS\u2014located on the user\u2019s computer. The proposed hardware architectures and software tools are described and experimental implementations with the proposed tools are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T10:30:45Z","timestamp":1483612245000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Easy Handling of Sensors and Actuators over TCP\/IP Networks by Open Source Hardware\/Software"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Mej\u00edas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic, Computer Science and Automation Engineering, University of Huelva, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Ctra. Huelva-Palos de la Fra, 21819 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"given":"Reyes","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Huelva, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Ctra. Huelva-Palos de la Fra, 21819 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Robotics Research Group, University of Huelva, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Ctra. Huelva-Palos de la Fra, 21819 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2094-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas, s\/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5645-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isa\u00edas","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas, s\/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"And\u00fajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic, Computer Science and Automation Engineering, University of Huelva, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Ctra. 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