{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:21:18Z","timestamp":1760955678211,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a new low-complexity method for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed. Based on a cross-correlation matrix formed from the L-shaped array, the proposed algorithm obtains the automatic pairing elevation and azimuth angles without eigendecomposition, which can avoid high computational cost. In addition, the cross-correlation matrix eliminates the effect of noise, which can achieve better DOA performance. Then, the theoretical error of the algorithm is analyzed and the Cramer\u2013Rao bound (CRB) for the direction of arrival estimation is derived . Simulation results demonstrate that, at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and with a small number of snapshots, in contrast to Tayem\u2019s algorithm and Kikuchi\u2019s algorithm, the proposed algorithm achieves better DOA performance with lower complexity, while, for Gu\u2019s algorithm, the proposed algorithm has slightly inferior DOA performance but with significantly lower complexity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1484823340000},"page":"190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Low-Complexity Method for Two-Dimensional Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using an L-Shaped Array"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1727-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangyang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation Technology, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/79.526899","article-title":"Two decades of array signal processing research: The parametric approach","volume":"13","author":"Krim","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. 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Appendix B."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/1\/190\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:26:34Z","timestamp":1760207194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/1\/190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s17010190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17010190","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]}}}