{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T10:38:35Z","timestamp":1770892715422,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,22]],"date-time":"2017-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Commercial self-monitoring devices are becoming increasingly popular, and over the last decade, the use of self-monitoring technology has spread widely in both consumer and medical markets. The purpose of this study was to evaluate five commercially available self-monitoring devices for further testing in clinical applications. Four activity trackers and one sleep tracker were evaluated based on step count validity and heart rate validity. Methods: The study enrolled 22 healthy volunteers in a walking test. Volunteers walked a 100 m track at 2 km\/h and 3.5 km\/h. Steps were measured by four activity trackers and compared to gyroscope readings. Two trackers were also tested on nine subjects by comparing pulse readings to Holter monitoring. Results: The lowest average systematic error in the walking tests was \u22120.2%, recorded on the Garmin Vivofit 2 at 3.5 km\/h; the highest error was the Fitbit Charge HR at 2 km\/h with an error margin of 26.8%. Comparisons of pulse measurements from the Fitbit Charge HR revealed a margin error of \u22123.42% \u00b1 7.99% compared to the electrocardiogram. The Beddit sleep tracker measured a systematic error of \u22123.27% \u00b1 4.60%. Conclusion: The measured results revealed the current functionality and limitations of the five self-tracking devices, and point towards a need for future research in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]],"date-time":"2017-01-23T10:40:33Z","timestamp":1485168033000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Evaluation of Commercial Self-Monitoring Devices for Clinical Purposes: Results from the Future Patient Trial, Phase I"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Soren","family":"Leth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Welfare Technologies\u2014Telehealth &amp; Telerehabilitation, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9100, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4989-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Welfare Technologies\u2014Telehealth &amp; Telerehabilitation, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9100, Denmark"},{"name":"Medical Informatics Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9100, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Olav","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen NV 2400, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Birthe","family":"Dinesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Welfare Technologies\u2014Telehealth &amp; Telerehabilitation, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9100, Denmark"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (2008). 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