{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T04:01:56Z","timestamp":1769918516265,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Twelfth Five-year National Key Technology R&amp;D Program of China","award":["No. 2011BAG05B02-3, No. 2011BAG05B02-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2011BAG05B02-3, No. 2011BAG05B02-02"]}]},{"name":"the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of NSFC","award":["51321004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51321004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 51305064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 51305064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rail fastening system is an important part of a high-speed railway track. It is always critical to the operational safety and comfort of railway vehicles. Therefore, the condition detection of the rail fastening system, looseness or absence, is an important task in railway maintenance. However, the vision-based method cannot identify the severity of rail fastener looseness. In this paper, the condition of rail fastening system is monitored based on an automatic and remote-sensing measurement system. Meanwhile, wavelet packet analysis is used to analyze the acceleration signals, based on which two damage indices are developed to locate the damage position and evaluate the severity of rail fasteners looseness, respectively. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experiment is performed on a high-speed railway experimental platform. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to assess the condition of the rail fastening system. The monitoring system significantly reduces the inspection time and increases the efficiency of maintenance management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17020318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T05:27:09Z","timestamp":1486704429000},"page":"318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Online Condition Monitoring of a Rail Fastening System on High-Speed Railways Based on Wavelet Packet Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5298-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongqun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 45th Research Institute of CETC, Beijing 100176, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE102763","article-title":"Experimental validation of an adjustable railway fastening for slab track","volume":"38","author":"Diego","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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