{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T17:07:40Z","timestamp":1763226460571,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013286","name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20130201110007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20130201110007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2014JZ017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014JZ017"]}]},{"name":"Director Fund from the State Key Lab of Electrical Institution and Power Equipment of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","award":["EIPE14125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EIPE14125"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xkjc2015012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xkjc2015012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51577142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51577142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The existing temperature sensors using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are limited by low sensitivity, complicated processes, or dependence on microscopy to observe the experimental results. Here we report the fabrication and successful testing of an ionization temperature sensor featuring non-self-sustaining discharge. The sharp tips of nanotubes generate high electric fields at relatively low voltages, lowering the work function of electrons emitted by CNTs, and thereby enabling the safe operation of such sensors. Due to the temperature effect on the electron emission of CNTs, the collecting current exhibited an exponential increase with temperature rising from 20 \u00b0C to 100 \u00b0C. Additionally, a higher temperature coefficient of 0.04 K\u22121 was obtained at 24 V voltage applied on the extracting electrode, higher than the values of other reported CNT-based temperature sensors. The triple-electrode ionization temperature sensor is easy to fabricate and converts the temperature change directly into an electrical signal. It shows a high temperature coefficient and good application potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T11:00:20Z","timestamp":1488193220000},"page":"473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sensing Properties of a Novel Temperature Sensor Based on Field Assisted Thermal Emission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710-049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710-049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710-049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710-049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710-049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710-049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710-049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vacuum Micro-Electronic &amp; Micro-Electronic Mechanical Institute, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunjia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710-049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/415599a","article-title":"Carbon nanothermometer containing gallium-Gallium\u2019s macroscopic properties are retained on a miniature scale in this nanodevice","volume":"415","author":"Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064518","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3093680","article-title":"Multiwalled carbon nanotube films as small-sized temperature sensors","volume":"105","author":"Bartolomeo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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