{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:57:55Z","timestamp":1775955475511,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201306280072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201306280072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China","award":["2015CB251001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB251001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51521065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51521065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51407136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51407136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contact erosion is one of the most crucial factors affecting the electrical service lifetime of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs). On-line monitoring the contacts\u2019 erosion degree is increasingly in demand for the sake of condition based maintenance to guarantee the functional operation of HVCBs. A spectroscopic monitoring system has been designed based upon a commercial 245 kV\/40 kA S F 6 live tank circuit breaker with copper\u2013tungsten (28 wt % and 72 wt %) arcing contacts at atmospheric S F 6 pressure. Three optical-fibre based sensors are used to capture the time-resolved spectra of arcs. A novel approach using chromatic methods to process the time-resolved spectral signal has been proposed. The processed chromatic parameters have been interpreted to show that the time variation of spectral emission from the contact material and quenching gas are closely correlated to the mass loss and surface degradation of the plug arcing contact. The feasibility of applying this method to online monitoring of contact erosion is indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T06:56:43Z","timestamp":1489042603000},"page":"519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Spectroscopic On-Line Monitoring of Cu\/W Contacts Erosion in HVCBs Using Optical-Fibre Based Sensor and Chromatic Methodology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Rd, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering &amp; Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering &amp; Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering &amp; Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Rd, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingzhe","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Rd, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAPT.2006.880476","article-title":"Investigation on erosion of Cu\/W contacts in high-voltage circuit breakers","volume":"29","author":"Tepper","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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