{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T10:46:23Z","timestamp":1778669183820,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A passive temperature-sensing antenna is presented in this paper, which consists of a meandering dipole, a bimetal strip and a back cavity. The meandering dipole is divided into two parts: the lower feeding part and the upper radiating part, which maintain electric contact during operation. As a sensing component, a bimetal strip coil offers a twisting force to rotate the lower feeding part of the antenna when the temperature varies. As a result, the effective length of the dipole antenna changes, leading to a shift of the resonant frequency. Furthermore, a metal back cavity is added to increase the antenna\u2019s quality factor Q, which results in a high-sensitivity design. An antenna prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured, which achieves a sensitivity larger than 4.00 MHz\/\u00b0C in a temperature range from 30 \u00b0C to 50 \u00b0C and a read range longer than 4 m. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T06:40:37Z","timestamp":1490251237000},"page":"665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Passive Temperature-Sensing Antenna Based on a Bimetal Strip Coil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maokun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2012.2202871","article-title":"Reconfigurable sensing antenna: A slotted patch design with temperature sensation","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2318056","article-title":"Smart sensing materials for low-cost chipless rfid sensor","volume":"14","author":"Amin","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guillet, A., Vena, A., Perret, E., and Tedjini, S. (2012, January 25\u201328). Design of a chipless RFID sensor for water level detection. Proceedings of the 2012 15th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics (ANTEM), Toulouse, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ANTEM.2012.6262372"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vena, A., Babar, A.A., Syd, L., Ukkonen, L., and Tentzeris, M.M. (2013, January 7\u201313). A novel wireless inkjet-printed chipless sensor for moisture detection utilizing carbon nanotube. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2013.6711810"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan, A., Bhattacharyya, R., and Sarma, S. (2013, January 7\u201313). A monopole-coupled RFID sensor for pervasive soil moisture monitoring. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2013.6711813"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2013.2283539","article-title":"Implementation of a dual-interrogation-mode embroidered rfid-enabled strain sensor","volume":"12","author":"Hasani","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4836","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2165517","article-title":"Passive rfid strain-sensor based on meander-line antennas","volume":"59","author":"Occhiuzzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, X., Cho, C., Fang, C.H., Cooper, J., Lakafosis, V., Vyas, R., Wang, Y., Leon, R.T., and Tentzeris, M.M. (2012, January 26\u201330). Wireless strain and crack sensing using a folded patch antenna. Proceedings of the 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Prague, Czech Republic.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2012.6206690"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2292520","article-title":"Sub-millimeter displacement sensing by passive uhf rfid antennas","volume":"62","author":"Paggi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suwalak, R., Phongcharoenpanich, C., and Torrungrueng, D. (2014, January 16\u201319). Detection of reinforced metal in light weight concrete structures using an RFID sensor system. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), Antibes, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMA.2014.7003400"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S., Kawahara, Y., Georgiadis, A., Collado, A., and Tentzeris, M.M. (2013, January 2\u20137). Low-cost inkjet-printed fully passive rfid tags using metamaterial-inspired antennas for capacitive sensing applications. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (IMS), Seattle, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2013.6697644"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karmakar, N., and Amin, E.M. (2011, January 28\u201331). Passive RFID sensor for remote detection of partial discharge. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Sensors, Limerick, Ireland.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENS.2011.6127342"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziai, M.A., and Batchelor, J.C. (2015, January 7\u201311). Passive UHF RFID tilt sensor. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), Turin, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEAA.2015.7297090"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2013.2271649","article-title":"Reconfigurable sensing antennas integrated with thermal switches for wireless temperature monitoring","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2015.2389265","article-title":"A slotted patch antenna integrated with thermal switch for high-sensitivity temperature monitoring","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaiming, D., Yang, F., Shenheng, X., and Maokun, L. (2016, January 14\u201318). Dual-frequency reconfigurable patch antenna with thermal switches for temperature monitoring. Proceedings of the 2016 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory (EMTS), Espoo, Finland.","DOI":"10.1109\/URSI-EMTS.2016.7571329"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubina, B., Sch, M., Mandel, C., Mehmood, A., and Jakoby, R. (2013, January 3\u20136). Wireless high-temperature sensing with a chipless tag based on a dielectric resonator antenna. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE SENSORS, Baltimore, MD, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENS.2013.6688181"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1108\/SR-12-2011-681","article-title":"Dual port temperature sensor tag for passive UHF RFID systems","volume":"34","author":"Virtanen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Qiao, Q. (2014). Design and Analysis of Reconfigurable Sensing Antennas for Wireless Sensing Applications, The University of Mississippi."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2255519","article-title":"A wireless passive sensor for temperature compensated remote pH monitoring","volume":"13","author":"Bhadra","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Kulesa, T., Ashenberg, W., and Ang-Bok, A. (2012). Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, John Wiley & Sons. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Fu, Z. (2014). Theoretical Design and Application of High-Sensitivity Reconfigurable Sensing Antenna, Tsinghua University."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/4\/665\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:31:03Z","timestamp":1760207463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/4\/665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s17040665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17040665","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]]}}}