{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:47:26Z","timestamp":1780498046643,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Detecting cancer disease at an early stage is one of the most important issues for increasing the survival rate of patients. Cancer biomarker detection helps to provide a diagnosis before the disease becomes incurable in later stages. Biomarkers can also be used to evaluate the progression of therapies and surgery treatments. In recent years, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based sensors have been intensely investigated as promising analytical devices in several fields, including clinical analysis, offering desired portability, fast response, specificity, and low cost. The aim of this review is to provide readers with an overview on recent important achievements in MIP-based sensors coupled to various transducers (e.g., electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric) for the determination of cancer biomarkers by selected publications from 2012 to 2016.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T11:26:44Z","timestamp":1490786804000},"page":"718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["MIP-Based Sensors: Promising New Tools for Cancer Biomarker Determination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9083-074X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Selvolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2465-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Marrazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2008.10.004","article-title":"The footprints of cancer development: Cancer biomarkers","volume":"35","author":"Ullah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2015.10038","article-title":"Gold and magnetic nanoparticles-based electrochemical biosensors for cancer biomarker determination","volume":"15","author":"Ravalli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.1.2.182","article-title":"Biomarkers: Potential uses and limitations","volume":"1","author":"Mayeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravalli, A., Voccia, D., Palchetti, I., and Marrazza, G. (2016). Electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, and photoelectrochemical aptamer-based nanostructured sensors for biomarker analysis. Biosensors, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios6030039"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.05.011","article-title":"Artificial biosensors: How can molecular imprinting mimic biorecognition?","volume":"34","author":"Cieplak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.199518121","article-title":"Molecular imprinting in cross-linked materials with the aid of molecular templates\u2014A way towards artificial antibodies","volume":"34","author":"Wulff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(97)00037-X","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymers: Useful materials for analytical chemistry?","volume":"16","author":"Mayes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2818","article-title":"Biomaterials: Plastic antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Haupt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.07.013","article-title":"An ultrasensitive molecularly-imprinted human cardiac troponin sensor","volume":"50","author":"Karimian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1021\/ac401251j","article-title":"Bioapplications for molecularly imprinted polymers","volume":"86","author":"Schirhagl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piletsky, S.A., and Turner, A.P.F. (2006). Molecular Imprinting of Polymers, Landes Bioscience.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781498713542"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1021\/ma970818d","article-title":"Imprinted membranes for sensor technology: Opposite behavior of covalently and noncovalently imprinted membranes","volume":"31","author":"Piletsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.760","article-title":"Molecular imprinting science and technology: A survey of the literature for the years up to and including 2003","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2010.08.006","article-title":"Advances in the manufacture of MIP nanoparticles","volume":"28","author":"Poma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719808005264","article-title":"Molecular imprinted polymers prepared by electropolymerization of Ni-(Protoporphyrin IX)","volume":"31","author":"Panasyuk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10403","DOI":"10.1039\/c2sm25622c","article-title":"Programmed cell adhesion and growth on cell-imprinted polyacrylamide hydrogels","volume":"8","author":"DePorter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1021\/ac000751j","article-title":"Tailored chemosensors for chloroaromatic acids using molecular imprinted TiO2 thin films on ion-sensitive field-effect transistors","volume":"73","author":"Lahav","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12363","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b03597","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer-based plasmonic immunosandwich assay for fast and ultrasensitive determination of trace glycoproteins in complex samples","volume":"88","author":"Tu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12291","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503559c","article-title":"Antibody-free biomarker determination: Exploring molecularly imprinted polymers for pro-gastrin releasing peptide","volume":"86","author":"Rossetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.01.126","article-title":"Solid-phase synthesis of electroactive nanoparticles of molecularly imprinted polymers. A novel platform for indirect electrochemical sensing applications","volume":"229","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.11.092","article-title":"A fluorescent molecularly-imprinted polymer gate with temperature and pH as inputs for detection of alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"78","author":"Karfa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Ge, Y., Piletsky, S.A., and Lunec, J. (2012). Molecularly Imprinted Sensors, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-56331-6.00014-1"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.07.063","article-title":"Quasi-monodimensional polyaniline nanostructures for enhanced molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensing","volume":"26","author":"Berti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.03.013","article-title":"Electrochemical evaluation of troponin T imprinted polymer receptor","volume":"59","author":"Karimian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for bioanalytical sensors: Strategies for incorporation of MIPs into sensing platforms","volume":"1","author":"Peeters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Austin J. Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0002184","article-title":"Chemical grafting of molecularly imprinted homopolymers to the surface of microplates. Application of artificial adrenergic receptor in enzyme-linked assay for \u03b2-agonists determination","volume":"72","author":"Piletsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(96)80094-3","article-title":"Introduction of molecularly imprinted polymers as recognition elements in conductometric chemical sensors","volume":"33","author":"Kriz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-5405-5","article-title":"MIP sensors\u2014The electrochemical approach","volume":"402","author":"Malitesta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.09.094","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles in chemical sensing\u2014Synthesis, characterisation and application","volume":"207","author":"Wackerlig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/1791088b0","article-title":"Proposed nomenclature in the field of neuraminic and sialic acids","volume":"179","author":"Blix","year":"1957","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"6883","article-title":"Increased expression of sialyl-dimeric LeX antigen in liver metastases of human colorectal carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Hoff","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13908","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b08482","article-title":"Sialic acid-imprinted fluorescent core-shell particles for selective labeling of cell surface glycans","volume":"137","author":"Shinde","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13763","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5280-y","article-title":"Different expression levels of glycans on leukemic cells\u2014A novel screening method with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) targeting sialic acid","volume":"37","author":"Abdullah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.07.055","article-title":"Real-time prostate-specific antigen detection with prostate-specific antigen imprinted capacitive biosensors","volume":"891","author":"Denizli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.08.043","article-title":"Aptamer-MIP hybrid receptor for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of prostate specific antigen","volume":"75","author":"Jolly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.03.108","article-title":"Novel Prostate Specific Antigen plastic antibody designed with charged binding sites for an improved protein binding and its application in a biosensor of potentiometric transduction","volume":"132","author":"Rebelo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.10.076","article-title":"Nano-iniferter based imprinted sensor for ultra trace level detection of prostate-specific antigen in both men and women","volume":"66","author":"Patra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.10.093","article-title":"Microcontact imprinting based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for real-time and ultrasensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) from clinical samples","volume":"224","author":"Mattiasson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7361","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY01922F","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for advanced diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5534","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB01306F","article-title":"A battle between spherical and cube-shaped Ag\/AgCl nanoparticle modified imprinted polymer to achieve femtogram detection of alpha-feto protein","volume":"4","author":"Karfa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.157","article-title":"Screen-printed electrode produced by printed-circuit board technology. Application to cancer biomarker detection by means of plastic antibody as sensing material","volume":"223","author":"Moreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.12.049","article-title":"Molecular imprinted nanoelectrodes for ultra sensitive detection of ovarian cancer marker","volume":"33","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.01.005","article-title":"Electrochemical sensing of nuclear matrix protein 22 in urine with molecularly imprinted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) coated zinc oxide nanorod arrays for clinical studies of bladder cancer diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2014.10.030","article-title":"Imprinted ZnO nanostructure-based electrochemical sensing of calcitonin: A clinical marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"853","author":"Patra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.11.098","article-title":"A novel photoelectrochemical sensor for bilirubin based on porous transparent TiO2 and molecularly imprinted polypyrrole","volume":"187","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek, \u00c7., Yilmaz, F., \u00d6zg\u00fcr, E., Yavuz, H., and Denizli, A. (2016). Molecularly imprinted quartz crystal microbalance sensor (QCM) for bilirubin detection. Chemosensors, 4.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201611.0021.v1"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.10.013","article-title":"Potentiometric chemosensor for neopterin, a cancer biomarker, using an electrochemically synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer as the recognition unit","volume":"77","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dejous, C., Hallil, H., Raimbault, V., Lachaud, J.-L., Plano, B., Del\u00e9p\u00e9e, R., Favetta, P., Agrofoglio, L., and Rebi\u00e8re, D. (2016). Love acoustic wave-based devices and molecularly-imprinted polymers as versatile sensors for electronic nose or tongue for cancer monitoring. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060915"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.06.052","article-title":"8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) biomarker detection down to picoMolar level on a plastic antibody film","volume":"86","author":"Martins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2009.02.007","article-title":"Innovative biomarkers for prostate cancer early diagnosis and progression","volume":"73","author":"You","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.11.032","article-title":"Testing the variability of PSA expression by different human prostate cancer cell lines by means of a new potentiometric device employing molecularly antibody assembled on graphene surface","volume":"59","author":"Rebelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1373\/49.2.253","article-title":"Benign prostate-specific antigen (BPSA) in serum is increased in benign prostate disease","volume":"49","author":"Linton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eursup.2006.02.017","article-title":"PSA isoforms in prostate cancer detection","volume":"5","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.08.076","article-title":"Automated flow-injection immunosensor based on current pulse capacitive measurements","volume":"190","author":"Erlandsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200704039","article-title":"Novel potentiometric sensors of molecular imprinted polymers for specific binding of chlormequat","volume":"20","author":"Kamel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Persistent increase in alpha-fetoprotein level in a patient without underlying liver disease who underwent curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. A case report and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Mannino","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i13.573","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure","volume":"8","author":"Rapisarda","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2934","article-title":"Circulation long non-coding RNAs act as biomarkers for predicting tumorigenesis and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02913308","article-title":"Tumour markers: An overview","volume":"22","author":"Malati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329102800102","article-title":"A review of the role of established tumour markers","volume":"28","author":"Beastall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.121.3.439","article-title":"Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques","volume":"121","author":"Gold","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.4.624","article-title":"Carcinoembryonic antigen as a marker for colorectal cancer: Is it clinically useful?","volume":"47","author":"Duffy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11093209","article-title":"Biomarkers for colorectal cancer","volume":"11","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2008.06.006","article-title":"Evolving molecular classification by genomic and proteomic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: Potential implications for the surgical oncologist","volume":"18","author":"Knapp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2006.01.006","article-title":"Point-of-care biosensor systems for cancer diagnostics\/prognostics","volume":"21","author":"Soper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197809)42:3+<1422::AID-CNCR2820420807>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"The use of serial CEA determinations to predict recurrence of colon cancer and when to do a second-look operation","volume":"42","author":"Minton","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05384","article-title":"Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells","volume":"445","author":"Lombardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27371","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103554200","article-title":"Molecular cloning of the CA125 ovarian cancer antigen. Identification as a new mucin, MUC16","volume":"276","author":"Yin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10250","article-title":"Ovarian cancer antigen CA125 is encoded by the MUC16 mucin gene","volume":"98","author":"Yin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.07.017","article-title":"Electrochemical immunosensors in breast and ovarian cancer","volume":"425","author":"Diaconu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"175","article-title":"Early detection of recurrent ovarian cancer in patients with low-level increases in serum CA-125 levels by 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography\/computed tomography","volume":"26","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Biother. Radiopharm."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-69","article-title":"Pretreatment serum albumin as a predictor of cancer survival: A systematic review of the epidemiological literature","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00094206","article-title":"Value of cancer antigen 125 for diagnosis of pleural endometriosis in females with recurrent pneumothorax","volume":"31","author":"Bagan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2012.10.058","article-title":"Detection and monitoring of ovarian cancer","volume":"415","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017509418440","article-title":"Evaluation of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) as a tumor marker in the detection of bladder cancer","volume":"32","author":"Kendi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2042.1999.06437.x","article-title":"Urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 as a new marker for the screening of urothelial cancer in patients with microscopic hematuria","volume":"6","author":"Miyanaga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65569-1","article-title":"Urinary nuclear matrix protein as a marker for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract","volume":"156","author":"Carpinito","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.01.006","article-title":"The economics of bladder cancer: Costs and considerations of caring for this disease","volume":"66","author":"Svatek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1021\/ac802536p","article-title":"Electrochemical sensor for catechol and dopamine based on a catalytic molecularly imprinted polymer-conducting polymer hybrid recognition element","volume":"81","author":"Lakshmi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009000700015","article-title":"Hypercalcitoninemia is not pathognomonic of medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"64","author":"Toledo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.06.028","article-title":"Quality analysis of salmon calcitonin in a polymeric bioadhesive pharmaceutical formulation: Sample preparation optimization by DOE","volume":"53","author":"Mehuys","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(19960131)10:2<151::AID-RCM434>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry identification of salmon calcitonin degradation products in aqueous solution preparations","volume":"10","author":"Silvestro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet1023","article-title":"Determination of calcitonin levels in C-cell disease: Clinical interest and potential pitfalls","volume":"5","author":"Costante","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16093","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252626999","article-title":"Biliverdin reductase: A major physiologic cytoprotectant","volume":"99","author":"Rao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.04.003","article-title":"Selective and sensitive detection of free bilirubin in blood serum using human serum albumin stabilized gold nanoclusters as fluorometric and colorimetric probe","volume":"59","author":"Santhosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.04.003","article-title":"The molecular basis of bilirubin encephalopathy and toxicity: Report of an EASL Single Topic Conference, Trieste, Italy, 1\u20132 October 2004","volume":"43","author":"Tiribelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01716.x","article-title":"Bilirubin in clinical practice: A review","volume":"28","author":"Fevery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.09.012","article-title":"A needle extraction utilizing a molecularly imprinted-sol-gel xerogel for on-line microextraction of the lung cancer biomarker bilirubin from plasma and urine samples","volume":"1366","author":"Moein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0748","article-title":"The ability of bilirubin in identifying smokers with higher risk of lung cancer: A large cohort study in conjunction with global metabolomic profiling","volume":"21","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"119","article-title":"Neopterin as tumour marker serum and urinary neopterin concentrations in malignant diseases","volume":"24","author":"Kuzmits","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2001.00358.x","article-title":"Neopterin measurement in clinical diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"Berdowska","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.10.053","article-title":"Detection of biomarkers for inflammatory diseases by an electrochemical immunoassay: The case of neopterin","volume":"134","author":"Centi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.06.017","article-title":"Neopterin in HIV-1 infection","volume":"42","author":"Wirleitner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1515\/pteridines.1999.10.3.101","article-title":"The importance of neopterin as a laboratory diagnostic marker of immune activation","volume":"10","author":"Widner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pteridines"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200024605082","article-title":"Neopterin as a marker for immune system activation","volume":"3","author":"Murr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.05.008","article-title":"Neopterin, a prognostic marker in human malignancies","volume":"287","author":"Sucher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.08.063","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer of 5-methyluridine for solid-phase extraction of pyrimidine nucleoside cancer markers in urine","volume":"16","author":"Breton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2004.12.055","article-title":"Chromatographic, capillary electrophoretic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of urinary modified nucleosides as tumor markers","volume":"1071","author":"Liebich","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2012.08.012","article-title":"Transcriptional biomarkers\u2014High throughput screening, quantitative verification, and bioinformatical validation methods","volume":"59","author":"Riedmaier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201600132","article-title":"Selective adsorption of modified nucleoside cancer biomarkers by hybrid molecularly imprinted adsorbents","volume":"39","author":"Iwanowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2013.06.002","article-title":"Targeted metabolic analysis of nucleotides and identification of biomarkers associated with cancer in cultured cell models","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520310205","article-title":"NTPDase and 5\u2032-nucleotidase activities in physiological and disease conditions\u202f: New perspectives for human health","volume":"31","author":"Schetinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.495.331","article-title":"Recognition and electrochemical sensing of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine with molecularly imprinted poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) thin films","volume":"495","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2008.06.058","article-title":"Synergie between molecular imprinted polymer based on solid-phase extraction and quartz crystal microbalance technique for 8-OHdG sensing","volume":"24","author":"Diltemiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irbm.2014.02.009","article-title":"Detection of urinary modified nucleosides by a bulk acoustic wave MIP sensor\u2014Results and future work","volume":"35","author":"Agrofoglio","year":"2014","journal-title":"IRBM"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ert\u00fcrk, G., and Mattiasson, B. (2017). Molecular imprinting techniques used for the preparation of biosensors. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17020288"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1641","article-title":"Single-Molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detects serum proteins at subfemtomolar concentrations","volume":"28","author":"Rissin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2015.03.011","article-title":"Applications of commercial biosensors in clinical, food, environmental, and biothreat\/biowarfare analyses","volume":"478","author":"Bahadir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/4\/718\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:31:34Z","timestamp":1760207494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/4\/718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s17040718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17040718","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]}}}