{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:11:45Z","timestamp":1760242305783,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It was recently proposed that the lateral resonances around the working resonance band of ultrasonic piezoelectric sandwich transducers can be stopped by a periodic array of circular holes drilled along the main propagation direction (a phononic crystal). In this work, the performance of different transducer designs made with this procedure is tested using laser vibrometry, electric impedance tests and finite element models (FEM). It is shown that in terms of mechanical vibration amplitude and acoustic efficiency, the best design for physiotherapy applications is when both, the piezoceramic and an aluminum capsule are phononic structures. The procedure described here can be applied to the design of power ultrasonic devices, physiotherapy transducers and other external medical power ultrasound applications where piston-like vibration in a narrow band is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T10:35:49Z","timestamp":1490956549000},"page":"729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Use of Phononic Crystals to Design Piezoelectric Power Transducers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ronda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ITEFI-CSIC, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Arag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica Aplicada y Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Apartado Postal 1-1010, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITEFI-CSIC, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Montero de Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITEFI-CSIC, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Neppiras, E.A. (1973). The Pre-Stressed Piezoelectric Sandwich Transducer, Ultrasonic International."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/00150193.2016.1172872","article-title":"Tailoring the efficiency of ultrasonic transducers for physiotherapy","volume":"499","author":"Iglesias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ferroelectrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/58.67833","article-title":"Modeling 1\u20133 composite piezoelectrics: thickness-mode oscillations","volume":"38","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dziewierz, J., Ramadas, S.N., Gachagan, A., O\u2019Leary, R.L., and Hayward, G. (2009, January 20\u201323). A 2D Ultrasonic array design incorporating hexagonal-shaped elements and triangular-cut piezocomposite. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2009.5441447"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2016.06.009","article-title":"Planar modes free piezoelectric resonators using a phononic crystal with holes","volume":"71","author":"Iglesias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12608","article-title":"Sound and heat revolutions in phononics","volume":"503","author":"Maldovan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-460X(92)90059-7","article-title":"Elastic and acoustic wave band structure","volume":"158","author":"Sigalas","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Sound. Vib."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.71.2022","article-title":"Acoustic band structure of periodic elastic composites","volume":"71","author":"Kushwaha","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.80.1208","article-title":"Ultrasonic band-gap in a periodic two-dimensional composite","volume":"80","author":"Torres","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5325","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.80.5325","article-title":"Sound attenuation by a two-dimensional array of rigid cylinder","volume":"80","author":"Caballero","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6051","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/10\/27\/006","article-title":"Experimental evidence for the existence of absolute band gaps in two-dimensional periodic composite media","volume":"10","author":"Vasseur","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1496081","article-title":"A full 3D plane-wave-expansion model for 1\u20133 piezoelectric composite structures","volume":"112","author":"Wilm","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496204","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/19\/49\/496204","article-title":"Effects of inclusion shapes on the band gaps in two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystals","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechrescom.2009.01.003","article-title":"Wave band gaps in three-dimensional periodic piezoelectric structures","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mech. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036607","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.036607","article-title":"Full band gap for surface acoustic waves in a piezoelectric phononic crystal","volume":"71","author":"Laude","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/4\/729\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:31:40Z","timestamp":1760207500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/4\/729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s17040729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17040729","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]}}}