{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:18:57Z","timestamp":1783955937628,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, it is possible to manufacture smart composite materials with embedded fiber optic sensors. These sensors can be exploited during the composites\u2019 operating life to identify occurring damages such as delaminations. For composite materials adopted in the aviation and wind energy sector, delaminations are most often caused by impacts with external objects. The detection, localization and quantification of such impacts are therefore crucial for the prevention of catastrophic events. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility to perform impact identification in smart composite structures with embedded fiber optic sensors. For our analyses, we manufactured a carbon fiber reinforced plate in which we embedded a distributed network of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. We impacted the plate with a modal hammer and we identified the impacts by processing the FBG data with an improved fast phase correlation (FPC) algorithm in combination with a variable selective least squares (VS-LS) inverse solver approach. A total of 164 impacts distributed on 41 possible impact locations were analyzed. We compared our methodology with the traditional P-Inv based approach. In terms of impact localization, our methodology performed better in 70.7% of the cases. An improvement on the impact time domain reconstruction was achieved in     95 . 1 %     of the cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T13:32:30Z","timestamp":1491226350000},"page":"743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Detection, Localization and Quantification of Impact Events on a Stiffened Composite Panel with Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Lamberti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Luyckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Van Paepegem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rezayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Vanlanduit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Campus Hoboken Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Othonos, A., and Kalli, K. 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Available online: http:\/\/www.fbgs.com\/products\/measurement-devices\/fbg-scan-700\/800\/."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/4\/743\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:31:49Z","timestamp":1760207509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/4\/743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s17040743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17040743","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]}}}