{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:12:22Z","timestamp":1760242342771,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]],"date-time":"2017-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Fund of China","award":["61222304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61222304"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013286","name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20121102110032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20121102110032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The simultaneous extraction of optical navigation measurements from a target celestial body and star images is essential for autonomous optical navigation. Generally, a single optical navigation sensor cannot simultaneously image the target celestial body and stars well-exposed because their irradiance difference is generally large. Multi-sensor integration or complex image processing algorithms are commonly utilized to solve the said problem. This study analyzes and demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneously imaging the target celestial body and stars well-exposed within a single exposure through a single field of view (FOV) optical navigation sensor using the well capacity adjusting (WCA) scheme. First, the irradiance characteristics of the celestial body are analyzed. Then, the celestial body edge model and star spot imaging model are established when the WCA scheme is applied. Furthermore, the effect of exposure parameters on the accuracy of star centroiding and edge extraction is analyzed using the proposed model. Optimal exposure parameters are also derived by conducting Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the best performance of the navigation sensor. Finally, laboratorial and night sky experiments are performed to validate the correctness of the proposed model and optimal exposure parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]],"date-time":"2017-04-21T10:59:30Z","timestamp":1492772370000},"page":"915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Celestial Object Imaging Model and Parameter Optimization for an Optical Navigation Sensor Based on the Well Capacity Adjusting Scheme"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Guangjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MCD.2005.1438751","article-title":"CMOS image sensors","volume":"21","author":"Eltoukhy","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Circuits Devices Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"K\u00fchl, C.T. 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