{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T17:44:27Z","timestamp":1762623867119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]],"date-time":"2017-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEN-10\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEN-10\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Frequency up-conversion is a promising technique for energy harvesting in low frequency environments. In this approach, abundantly available environmental motion energy is absorbed by a Low Frequency Resonator (LFR) which transfers it to a high frequency Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester (PVEH) via impact or magnetic coupling. As a result, a decaying alternating output signal is produced, that can later be collected using a battery or be transferred directly to the electric load. The paper reports an impact-coupled frequency up-converting tandem setup with different LFR to PVEH natural frequency ratios and varying contact point location along the length of the harvester. RMS power output of different frequency up-converting tandems with optimal resistive values was found from the transient analysis revealing a strong relation between power output and LFR-PVEH natural frequency ratio as well as impact point location. Simulations revealed that higher power output is obtained from a higher natural frequency ratio between LFR and PVEH, an increase of power output by one order of magnitude for a doubled natural frequency ratio and up to 150% difference in power output from different impact point locations. The theoretical results were experimentally verified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17050970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]],"date-time":"2017-04-27T13:01:15Z","timestamp":1493298075000},"page":"970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vibro-Shock Dynamics Analysis of a Tandem Low Frequency Resonator\u2014High Frequency Piezoelectric Energy Harvester"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2805-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darius","family":"\u017di\u017eys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, Kaunas LT-51368, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rimvydas","family":"Gaidys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, Kaunas LT-51368, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vytautas","family":"Osta\u0161evi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56-123, Kaunas LT-51368, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birut\u0117","family":"Narijauskait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 50, Kaunas LT-51368, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/13\/5\/018","article-title":"A piezoelectric vibration based generator for wireless electronics","volume":"13","author":"Roundy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Smart Mater. 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